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20th > 18-19 > Flashcards

18-19 Flashcards

1
Q

what were the last 2 states entered into the us, what date?

A

1959
february 1959 alaska
august 1959 hawaii

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2
Q

who is j edgar hoover ?

A

head of the FBI in the 1950s
believed that 1/3 of the worlds population was part of a great communist conspiracy
one of the most powerful men in us history
his name struck fear in many people

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3
Q

suburbia

A 
loss individuality 
traffic jams
close proximity 
cookie cutter existence 
1st suburbia in new jersey
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4
Q

serviceman’s readjustment act

A

aka GI bill, it provided- money given to go to college, get preference for civil service jobs

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5
Q

baby boom

A

demographics, study of population

1946-1965, fueled economy, 1950-1.5 million people we’re born

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6
Q

the phenomenal birth growth in the united states during the 1950s and 1960s is referred to as the

A

baby boom

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7
Q

white collar workers

pros/cons

A

pros-pension plan, medical insurance, performance bonus, expense account, paid vacation, company car
cons-the company ruled you, controlled what you thought and wore

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8
Q

operation paperclip

A

purpose was to get nazi scientists, us took a lot of paper work, tried to entice scientists to work for us

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9
Q

fidel castro

A

communist ruler in cuba

came to power in the 1960s

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10
Q

1952 elections problems and concerns

A

concerns-hot war(asia), cold war(rest of war), fear of communism
problems-korea=stalemate, inflation, china is lost to communism, corruption in washington

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11
Q

adlai stevenson

A

ran for president in the 1952 election against eisenhower, lost, democrat, ran one of the most eloquent campaigns in history

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12
Q

dwight d. eisenhower

A

34th president,
born in 1890 in denison, tennessee, eisenhower=iron axe,
educated at west point,
was a career soldier, author, and president of columbia university,
served in wwi and wwii,
was supreme commander of NATO forces in 1950s

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13
Q

what is eisenhowers wife’s name

A

mamie

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14
Q

what did eisenhower do as president

A

developed department of health, eisenhower doctrine, brown vs. board, little rock desegregation, explorer 1, nasa formed, alaska and hawaii became states

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15
Q

gary powers

A

flew the plane over soviet area to spy, was sentenced to 10 year but got off on 2 due to prisoner trade

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16
Q

what is mike

A

mike is the hydrogen bomb dropped on bikini island

it is 1,000x stronger than little boy

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17
Q

what is sputnik

A

first satellite launched into space by the ussr

it causes new fear and switched arms race into high gear

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18
Q

explorer 1

A

first us satellite launched into space

1958

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19
Q

operation mongoose

A

cia action, objective was to get rid of castro, interrupt trade(hurt economy), raids by exiles, assassination plot

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20
Q

cuban missile crisis

A

us sends u2 spy plane which sends back pictures, they find nuclear weapons near havana, it was called this because of jfk
at the end we promised to never attack cuba as long as ussr removed missiles

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21
Q

John F Kennedy

A

president during bay of pigs and cuban missile crisis

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22
Q

bikini island

A

where the us tested mike

23
Q

Pactomania

A

SEATO
Mutual defense treaty
Baghdad pact

24
Q

What was the reason for all the pactomania treaties?

A

Fear of all Asia falling to communism

25
Q

SEATO (pactomania)

A

Like NATO but in the pacific, 1954-77, us, France, New Zealand, Australia, Philippines, Great Britain, Thailand,

26
Q

Who was under special protection in SEATO

A

South Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos

27
Q

Who came up with pactomania?

A

John foster dulles

28
Q

Mutual defense treaty (pactomania)

A

1954, protection of Taiwan from communist China

29
Q

Baghdad pact

A

1955, aka meto, Great Britain, turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, this occurs because of oil in Middle East, the us does not join because they want to avoid provoking soviets

30
Q

Foreign affairs late 1950’s

A

Complex world problems had developed

Eastern Europe, Middle East, china, ussr, Latin America,

31
Q

Foreign affairs late 1950’s Eastern Europe

A

Eastern Europe-east Berlin: worker strike, shut down by soviets; Hungary: mad the communists are there so the protest and soviets shut it down

32
Q

Foreign affairs late 1950’s Middle East

A

Middle East- Nasser(Egypt): anti-west feelings, arms deal with ussr, attack on Israel(Israelites win)

33
Q

Foreign affairs late 1950’s china

A

China- main land china shells nationalist Chinese islands(1958), us sends seventh fleet

34
Q

Foreign affairs late 1950’s ussr

A

1958- ussr warns us to leave Berlin

35
Q

Foreign affairs late 1950’s Latin America

A

Latin America- Monroe doctrine: west world stands together; often assisted oppressive governments, Castro comes to power in cuba(1958) bye bye us factories

36
Q

Bay of pigs

A

La brigade-exiled rebels from Cuba, wanted to kill Castro with us help, ships sink, disaster arises, JFK calls off air support, shows us in bad light

37
Q

Why did Americans have anti communist feelings?

A

Because they would sweep away the freedom Americans enjoyed, and they use fear in communist countries to enforce rules

38
Q

Highway system

A

Created new toll roads made in the 50’s

They roads were made because people lived farther away from their jobs and had to commute

39
Q

What did the Eisenhower doctrine do? Who did it help?

A

Under the doctrine a country in the Middle East resisting communism could request economic and/or military aid
Middle eastern countries

40
Q

Causes of the second red scare

A

Spread of communism in china
The atomic bomb development in ussr
Use of fear in communist countries

41
Q

Jospeh McCarthy

A

Led the red scare charge, republican senator from Wisconsin, he became strongest political power in the country; other than major party leaders, accused democrats of “20 years of treason”, Eisenhower issued a “security order”, McCarthy forced the removal of “communist books” from us libraries,
1954: accused secretary of army of espionage, accused general Z Wicker of shielding communists, army-McCarthy hearing was televised and he showed himself to be rude and a bully, in December of 1954 he was condemned by the senate

42
Q

Richard M. Nixon

A

Representative from California, member of HUAC, surrounded by emotional, vindictive, and racist people

43
Q

HUAC

A

House Un-American activities committee
1. Before WWII explored communist influence and new deal
2. After WWII publicly probed the Truman administration
In charge of investigating organizations that were a threat to American security

44
Q

Whittaker Chambers

A

Time magazine senior editor, had been a communist, told Nixon about Alger Hiss

45
Q

Alger Hiss

A

Accused of being a communist spy and communist operative, had influential jobs in society and government, went to yalta with FDR, discredited by Nixon during interrogation, 1950-2 counts of perjury-5 years

46
Q

Pumpkin papers

A

Chambers, pumpkin patch, investigators, microfilm with alleged secret state department documents, linked to Hiss

47
Q

Harry s. Truman

A

Suspicion and dislike of communists,
1947-creates the federal employee loyalty program, slightest suspicions could put workers out of a job
1947-51”loyalty board”, many released, no positive proof ever found

48
Q

McCarran act(1950)

A

Illegal for American citizens to engage in activities that would creat a communist government,communists had to register with federal government, communist could not work in defense plans, or obtain a us pass port
Truman vetoed but congress overrode

49
Q

Klaus Fuchs

A

British scientist, admitted to giving specifications for atomic bomb to soviets, indicated Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were involved

50
Q

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

A

Charged with conspiracy for giving away bomb secrets, Ethel’s brother who worked on the Manhattan project, project accused the pair of recruiting him to collect info, found guilty, executed, maintain their innocence to the end, recently released of soviet documents seem to confirm their guilt

51
Q

Hollywood 10

A

Assault on the film industry (new idea of film noir may have had something to do with the attack) “committee for the First Amendment”(CFA); many actors and actresses actresses including: Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall and Gene Kelly, All ten said that the first amendment gave them the right not to say anything, many in Hollywood blacklisted (324 were fired from major studios)

52
Q

How did most legal Soviet agents collect information?

A

Newspapers and other public documents

53
Q

What purpose did the Hotel Taft serve during the Cold War?

A

Housing for illegal Soviet agents in New York

20th (12 decks)

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