Chapter 8 & 9 Flashcards
Uremia
Excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste
Cholecystectomy
Surgical removal of gallbladder
Hemodialysis
Machine that filters blood of a person to remove waste products
Liver
Large organ in right upper quadrant of abdomen serves many functions in body it’s digestive system role includes producing bile,processing absorbed nutrients and detoxifying harmful substances
Filtration
First stage in urine production during which waste products are. Filtered from blood
Reabsorption
Second stage of urine production, substances needed for the body are reabsorbed as filtrate passes through kidney tubules
Secretion
Third phase of urine production, additional waste products are added to filtrate as it passes through kidney tubules
Micturition
Another name for urination
Nephrolith
Kidney stone
Cystoplasty
Surgical repair of the bladder
Hemataria
Condition of blood In the urine
Dysuria
Painful or difficult urination, a symptom of many disorders such as cystitis, urethritis, enlarged prostate in males, and prolapsed uterus in females
Olguria
Condition of scanty amounts of urine
Strictire
Narrowing of passageway in urinary system
Polyuria
Condition of having excess urine production, can be symptoms of diabetes
Colonoscopy
Flexible fibers scope passed through anus, rectum and colon is used to examine upper portion of colon polyps and small growths can be removed
Hydrochloric acid
HCI acid secreted by the stomach lining aids in digestion
Pyloric sphincter
Sphincter at the distal end of the stomach controls passage of food in the duodenum
Cecum
First portion of the colon; is a blind pouch off beginning of large intestine
The appendix grows out of the end of the cecum
Rectum
Stores feces
Bile
Substance produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder
Added to chyme in the duodenum and functions to emulsify fats so they can be digested and absorbed
Cholesterol is essential to bile production
Gastrectomy
Surgical removal of stomach
Ileal
Pertaining to ileum
Diarrhea
Passing frequent watery bowel movements; usually accompanies gastrointestinal disorders
Emesis
Vomiting usually with some force
Jaundice
Yellowing of skin, mucus membrane, and the whites of the eyes caused by the deposit of bile pigment from too much bilirubin in the blood
Groin
The area between the abdomen and the thigh on both sides of the body
Tracheal
Pertaining to the trachea
Salivary glands
Exocrine glands with ducts that open in the mouth, produces saliva which makes blouse of food easier to swallow and begins digestive process
Uvula
Hanging down flap from posterior edge of soft palate
Tongue
Muscular organ in the mouth works to move food around and is necessary for speech
Enamel
Hardest substance in the body
Deciduous
20 teeth that begin to erupt between 6 mos. and 28 mos. of age.
Baby teeth
Oropharynx
Middle part of the pharynx that food and drink is received from the mouth
Esophagus
Tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach
Gastrointestinal system (GI)
Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum and anus
The accessory organs
Organs that participate in the digestion process, but are not part of the continuous alimentary canal (the gut)
What are the accessory glands and how are they connected?
Liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and salivary glands
Connected to gut by ducts
Small intestine
Average length of 20 feet, is the longest portion of the alimentary canal and has 3 sections: duodenum, jejunum and ileum
Duodenum
Extends from the pyloric sphincter to the jejunum and is about 10 to 12 inches long. Digestion is completed in the duodenum after the chyme from the stomach is mixed with digestive juices from the pancreas and gallbladder
Jejunum
The middle portion extends from the duodenum to the ileum
Ileum
The last portion of the small intestine and extends from the jejunum to the colon. At 12 feet in length it is the longest portion of the small intestine
Ileocecal valve
Sphincter that connects ileum to the colon
Colon
Approximately 5 feet long extends from the cecum to the anus
Blouse
Saliva mixed with food in the mouth
Amylase
Digestive enzymes that begins the digestion of carbohydrates
Three pairs of salivary glands
Parotid - in front of the ears
Mandibular glands - floor of the mouth
Sublingual glands - floor of the mouth
Gallbladder
(GB) bile produced by liver is stored in the gallbladder.
In response to fat in the chyme, the muscular walls of the gallbladder contracts and sends bile back down the cystic duct and into the common bile duct which carries bile to the duodenum which it is able to emulsify the fat in chyme
Hepatic duct and cystic duct
Bile produced by the liver travels down the hepatic and cystic ducts into the gallbladder
The gallbladder sends the bile back down the cystic duct
Pancreatic duct
Connects the pancreas to the duodenum
Pancreas
Produces two important secretions for digestion: buffers and pancreatic enzymes
Is also an endocrine gland that produces the hormone insulin and glucagon, which play a role in regulating the level of glucose in the blood
Buffers
Neutralize acidic chyme that has just left the stomach
Pancreatic enzymes
Chemically digest carbohydrates carbohydrates, fats and proteins
