Chapter 8

Question 1

Oxygenation refers to

Answer 1

Process by which oxygen concentration increases within a tissue

Question 2

Ventilation refers to

Answer 2

The mechanical exchange of air between the outside environment and the alveoli of the lungs

Question 3

Cerebral oxygenation and oxygen delivery to other parts of the body provided by adequate airway management and ventilation remain

Answer 3

Most important components of prehospital patient care

Question 4

Respiratory system serves to primary functions

Answer 4

To provide oxygen to the red blood cells which carry the oxygen to all of the body cells. To remove carbon dioxide from the body

Question 5

Inability of the respiratory system to provide oxygen to the cells or inability of the cells to use the oxygen supplied results in

Answer 5

anaerobic metabolism And can quickly lead to death

Question 6

Failure to eliminate carbon dioxide

Answer 6

Can lead to coma and acidosis

Question 7

Lower airway begins at

Answer 7

The trachea

Question 8

False cords

Answer 8

Or vestibular folds

Question 9

The alveoli are the site of gas exchange where

Answer 9

The respiratory and circulatory system meet

Question 10

Carbon dioxide is transported in three ways

Answer 10

In the plasma, bound to proteins such as hemoglobin, and buffered as bicarbonate

Question 11

The size of each breath, called the title volume, multiply by the ventilatory rate for one minute equals

Answer 11

Minute volume

Question 12

At rest, about 7 L of air must move in and out of the lungs each minute to maintain

Answer 12

Adequate carbon dioxide elimination and oxygenation

Question 13

Evaluating a patient ability to exchange air involves accessing

Answer 13

Both ventilatory rate and depth

Question 14

Metabolism normally occurs through

Answer 14

Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to produce energy

Question 15

Hypoxemia decreased oxygen level in the blood can result from

Answer 15

Decreased diffusion of oxygen across the alveolar capillary membrane

Question 16

Hypoxia deficient tissue oxygenation can be caused by

Answer 16

The inability of the air to reach the capillaries usually because the airway is obstructed or the alveolar I are filled with fluid or debris. Decreased blood flow to the alveoli. Decreased blood flow to the tissue cells.

Question 17

Hypo ventilation Kim results from

Answer 17

Obstruction of air flow through the upper and lower airways. Decreased expansion of the lungs as a result of direct injury to the chest wall or lungs. Loss of vanilla Tori drive, usually because of decreased neurologic function, most often after a Trumatic brain injury.

Question 18

Hyperventilation can cause vasoconstriction which can be especially detrimental in the management of

Answer 18

Traumatic brain injury patient

Question 19

Hypo ventilation results in

Answer 19

Carbon dioxide buildup, acidosis, and eventually death

Question 20

Decrease minute volume can because by two clinical conditions related to decreased neurologic

Answer 20

Mechanical obstruction and a decreased level of consciousness

Question 21

Hyperventilation occurs when

Answer 21

Alveolar ventilation is so great that carbon dioxide removal exceeds its production in metabolizing cells, thus leading to hypocapnia a decreased amount of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood

Question 22

When carbon dioxide levels are below normal levels of 35 to 45 mmHg

Answer 22

Vasoconstriction begins to occur

Question 23

Any maneuver that moves the mandible forward will

Answer 23

Pull the tongue out of the hypopharynx

Question 24

The most significant complication of suctioning is

Answer 24

Suctioning for prolonged periods will produce hypoxemia, which produces significant detrimental effects at the tissue level in many organs

Question 25

The most obvious clinical clue that the patient is becoming hypoxic

Answer 25

Cardiac abnormalities example tachycardia or dysrhythmias

Question 26

Primary advantage of supraglottic airways is that they

Answer 26

May be inserted independent of the patient’s position which may be especially important in trauma patients with access an extrication difficulties or a high suspicion of cervical injury

Question 27

Contra indications for a supra glottic airway

Answer 27

Intact gag reflex non-fasting recent meal known a Soffa Gille disease recent ingestion of caustic substances

Question 28

In a patient with a perfusing rhythm ET CO2 monitoring capnography

Answer 28

Serves as the gold standard for determining ET tube placement

Question 29

Percutaneous transtracheal ventilation. This technique while it provides for oxygenation does not support adequate ventilation for any length of time as a result rising levels of carbon dioxide will occur which can be tolerated for approximately 30 minutes after which formal airway management must be accomplished to prevent profound respiratory acidosis from developing this technique is temporizing measure to maintain Aisha nation until the defense of airway can be obtained to provide adequate ventilation

Answer 29

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Question 30

The title volume should be set using

Answer 30

5 to 7 mL per kilogram of the patients ideal body weight

Question 31

Peep PEEP should be set initially at 5 cm of water

Answer 31

The setting will maintain what is known as physiologic Pete which is the amount of peep that is normally present in the airway prior to into

Question 32

The high-pressure alarm and pressure relief pop off should be set at no more than

Answer 32

10 cm of water above the pressure needed normally ventilator patient peak inspiratory pressure

Question 33

Capnography should be used to

Answer 33

Monitor ET tube placement and continuously monitor patient status during transport

Question 34

Capnography or in title carbon dioxide ET CO2 monitoring has been used in critical care units for many years

Answer 34

.

Question 35

Capnography measure is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in a simple gas if the sample Is taken at the end of exhalation in a patient with good peripheral perfusion, it correlates closely to arterial PCO2. However in the multiple trauma patient with compromised perfusion, the correlation of ET CO2 to arterial PCO2 remains questionable

Answer 35

.

Question 36

Burn patients should receive supplemental oxygen to maintain SPO2 greater than 95%, where as those with known or suspected carbon monoxide poisoning should receive 100% oxygen

Answer 36

.

Question 37

As with all skills, training requires observation, critique, and certification initially and at least

Answer 37

Twice a year by the medical director or designee