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A&P 1 - Test 4 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Define origin and insertion.

A

Origin: Site of attachment to the immovable bone.

Insertion: Site of attachments to movable bone. *

*When a muscle contracts across a join, it insertion is pulled toward its origin.

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2
Q

For cartilaginous joints: List each type, define, note movement classification, and example.

A
  • Synchondrosis (Synarthrosis) - Joint formed by bands of hyaline cartilage ex: between first rib and manubrium, epiphyseal plate.
  • Symphysis (Amphiarthrosis) - Shock absorber e.x. intervertebral disk, pubic Symphysis
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3
Q

Provide function and definition of Menisci.

A

Pads of fibrocartilage that divide the join cavity into separate compartments. Cushions and evenly distributes weight, absorbs shock,

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4
Q

Provide function and definition of Reinforcing ligaments

A

Collagenous fibers that strengthen joint. Usually thickened portion of fibrous capsule. Prevents excess movement.

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5
Q

Provide function and definition of Saddle Joint.

A

Articulating surface have both concave and convex surfaces. E.x. Carpal and metacarpal of thumb.

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6
Q

Define Synovial fluid

A

Lubricating fluid that decreases friction between articulating bones.

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7
Q

Define Gliding Movements.

A

Gliding Movements- When flat bone surfaces glide or slide over one another.

Occurs at cartilaginous joint e.x. Intervertebral disc, sternoclavicular

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8
Q

Provide function and definition of Joint Capsule.

A
  • Outer Layer: External, tough flexible fibrous capsule that holds the articulating bone together
  • Inner layer: Loose CT (synovial membrane)

Synovial membrane - lines joint cavity and secretes synovial fluid

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9
Q

Provide function and definition of “Ball and socket” joint.

A
  • A round head that articulates with the cup shaped cavity.
  • Most freely movable joint; all angular movement
  • (Universal joint) e.x. hip/should
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10
Q

List the 6 types of synovial joints.

A
  • Ball and socket
  • Gliding
  • Saddle
  • Condyloid
  • Pivot
  • Hinge
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11
Q

Name and define the joint and ligaments of the hip.

A

Ball and Socket - between the head of femur and acetabulum of coxa.

Iliofemoral - connects iliac spine to the trochanters of the femur.

Pubofemoral - found at the pubis and iliofemoral ligament

Ischiofermoral -n connects the ischium posterior to the acetabulum and bends with joint capsule.

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12
Q

Name and define intracapsular ligaments.

A

Intracapsular- found inside the joint capsule. Anterior cruciate ligament ; ACL Posterior cruciate ligament; PCL Prevents hyper extension

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13
Q

Provide function and definition of Hinge Joint.

A

Permit flexion and extension only. Convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another. e.x. Elbow, phalanges, knee

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14
Q

List the three fibrous joints and movement.

A

Suture - Synarthrosis

Syndesmosis - Amphiarthrosis

Gomphosis - Synarthrosis

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15
Q

Provide function and definition of Bursa.

A

Located between skin and bone ,and between muscle, tendons, ligaments and bone. Cushions movements of parts.

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16
Q

List and define the 3 structural types and movement categories of joints.

A
  • Synarthrosis - a joint that lacks movement
  • Amphiarthrosis - a joint that is slightly movable
  • Diarthrosis - a freely movable joint
17
Q

Define Angular Movements

A

Change in angle b/w bones Only Synovial Flexion - decrease in joint angle - Dorsiflexion- foot toward shin - Plantar flexion - foot away from shin Extension - increase in angle - Hyperextension- beyond normal range Abduction - moving a limb away from midline Adduction - moving a limb towards the midline Circumduction - movement of limb in circular pattern Rotation - around a central axis

18
Q

Name and define the joints of the knee.

A

Three joints function as a hinge:

  1. Medial condyle of femur articulates with the medial condyle of the tibia
  2. Lateral condyle of the femur articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia
  3. Patellar surface of femur and patella make a gliding joint
19
Q

Discuss the four parts of a synovial joint and movememnt.

A
  • Articular cartilage
  • Joint capsule
  • Synovial membrane
  • Joint cavity

All Diathrosis

20
Q

List the three types of movements a joint permits.

A
  1. Gliding
  2. Angular
  3. Special
21
Q

Provide function and definition of Articular Cartilage

A
  • A thin layer of cartilage around the end of bones.
  • Resist wear and minimizes friction Spongy (cancellous) bone underneath to absorb shock
22
Q

Provide 5 structural characteristics associated with synovial joints.

A
  1. Articular Cartilage
  2. Joint Capsule
  3. Reinforcing ligaments
  4. Menisci (articular discs)
  5. Bursae
23
Q

Name and define extracapsular ligaments.

A

Extracapsular - found outside the joint capsule. Patella ligament Tibial (medial) collateral ligament; MCL , Fibia (lateral) collateral ligament; LCL

24
Q

Name and define the ligaments of the elbow.

A

Ulnar collateral (medially) connects the medial epiconddyle of the humerus to the coronoid process of the ulna.

Radial collateral connects the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the anular ligaments of the radius

Anular runs from the trochlear notch of the ulna and encircles the head of the radius.

25
Q

Name and define the joints of the shoulder.

A

Glenhumeral - Ball and socket, joints the Glenoid Cavity and head of humerus.

Acromioclavicular - Syndesmosis, end of clavicle and acromion process.

26
Q

Name and define the joints of the elbow.

A

Hinge- formed between the trochlea of the humerus and trochlear notch of the ulna

Gliding - formed between the capitiulum of the humerus and head of the radius.

27
Q

Provide function and definition of Condyloid joint.

A

Permits all angular motion, except rotation. Oval condyle of one bone fits into elliptical cavity of another e.x. Phalanges and Metacarpals

28
Q

Provide function and definition of Pivot joint.

A

Permit rotation. Cylindrical surface of one bone rotates within ring formed of bone and ligament. e.x. c1/c2 (atlas/ axis); proximal ulna and radius

29
Q

Define and list an example of where each of the three types of fibrous joints are found

A
  • Suture - found between flat bone of skull, ex: suture on skull
  • Syndesmosis - bones held by dense C.T. ex: Distal tibiofibular joint
  • Gomphosis - union of a cone shape bony process in a bony socket. ex: Short periodontal ligament, teeth
30
Q

Name and define the ligaments of the shoulder.

A

Coracohumeral ligament – connects the coracoid process of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus.

Glenohumeral ligament – extends from the glenoid cavity to the lesser tubercle and anatomical neck.

Transverse humeral ligament – runs between the two tubercles of the humerus.

31
Q

Provide function and definition of Gliding joint.

A

Have flat or slightly curved articulating surfaces. e.x. Carpals, Tarsals, ribs 2-7

A&P 1 - Test 4 (4 decks)

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