Chapter 8 Flashcards
Which of the following research approaches was preferred by Cattell to study personality?
The bivariate approach, or laboratory experiment method
The clinical method, or case studies
The multivariate approach, involving factor analysis
All of these are correct.
The multivariate approach, involving factor analysis
The 16 PF Test, in its original form, is used:
for predicting occupational success, clinical diagnosis, and research
only with subjects whose first language is English.
specially with neurotics and people with organic brain damage.
with children younger than 16 years and adults older than 60 years of age.
for predicting occupational success, clinical diagnosis, and research.
Factor analysis is:
open to subjective bias.
completely objective.
a precise way to collect data.
too restrictive to reveal much about personality traits.
open to subjective bias.
According to Cattell, which of the following statements is true of traits?
They are relatively permanent reaction tendencies.
They are the basic structural units of the personality.
They are derived by the method of factor analysis.
All of these are correct.
All of these are correct.
According to Eysenck’s research, extraverts have lower levels of _____ than introverts.
hostility
cortical arousal
self-esteem
agreeableness
cortical arousal
Which of the following is true of the study of behavioral genetics?
It involves the study of the relationship between hereditary factors and personality traits.
It shows that environmental factors are more important than genetic factors.
It was begun by Murray and carried forward by Allport and Cattell.
All of these are correct.
It involves the study of the relationship between hereditary factors and personality traits.
Cattell agreed that the _____ approach to research is scientific, rigorous, and quantitative but argued that it dealt with only limited aspects of personality.
bivariate
clinical
multivariate
case-study
bivariate
Cattell has identified 16 _____ traits that form the basis of personality.
surface
unique
ability
source
source
In the context of the forms of factor-analysis used by Cattell to study personality, in the _____, large amounts of data are collected on one subject over a long period.
R technique
P technique
L-data technique
Q-data technique
P technique
Q-data are obtained by:
self-report questionnaires filled by subjects.
tape recordings of psychotherapy sessions.
observation of behavior in real-life settings.
autobiographical accounts of the psychologists.
self-report questionnaires filled by subjects.
Which of the following traits describe the general style and emotional tone of our behavior and affect the ways we act and react to situations?
Ability traits
Unique traits
Temperament traits
Dynamic traits
Temperament traits
According to the Dark Triad of Personality by Paulhus and Williams, which of the following is defined as the need to manipulate others, which is characterized by cunning, deceit, and unscrupulous behaviors?
Machiavellianism
Narcissism
Psychopathy
Homophobia
Machiavellianism
_____ traits are the driving forces for behavior.
Temperament
Dynamic
Guiding
Modal
Dynamic
Which of the following is true about the findings of the studies using Cattell’s test?
Three of the 16 source traits are determined by hereditary factors.
A Turkish translation of the 16 PF test has been found to be valid measure of personality differences.
The 16 PF Test can’t be distorted or faked like the other personality tests.
Partners in stable marriages were found to possess complementary traits.
A Turkish translation of the 16 PF test has been found to be valid measure of personality differences.
According to Brody, Buss, and Stelmack, the theories of Cattell, Eysenck, McCrae and Costa, Ashton and Lee, and Paulhus and Williams indicate that inheritance may account for as much as _____ percent of personality.
20
30
40
50
50
