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Music Appreciation > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Europe entered the Dark Ages after…

A

The fall of Rome

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2
Q

Characteristics of the Dark Ages

A

Drought followed by flood, famine and disease, religious and political differences

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3
Q

Thriving arts in the medieval period

A

Paintings, Sculptures, Gothic Architecture, Music, Stained Glass, Frescoes

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4
Q

The most famous frescoe

A

The Sistine Chapel

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5
Q

Adaptations of the Church

A

Daily Prayer Hours, Singing of Psalms, Chanting parts of Liturgy

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6
Q

Medieval melodies were based on….

A

Modes

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7
Q

Characteristics of chant

A

Simple melodies, natural rhythms for text, performed in unison, acapella

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8
Q

Other names for chant

A

1) Plainsong

2) Plainchant

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9
Q

Chant reached peak of popularity by…

A

6th century

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10
Q

Who organized all chant?

A

Pope Gregory I

Gregorian Chant

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11
Q

Types of Chant

A

1) Syllabic Chant - One Note per syllable

2) Melismatic Chant - Many notes per syllable

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12
Q

Chant evolved into polyphony

A

1) 9th cen. Monks used chant
2) monks added parallel melody
3) monks changed some notes in added melody
4) second melody was altered until independent

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13
Q

Early form of polyphony

A

Organum

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14
Q

The first accompaniment (a low, long tone)

A

Drone

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15
Q

As more melodies were added, organum pieces became…

A

Motets

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16
Q

Little secular music has survived because…

A

1) Improvised

2) Short Lived

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17
Q

Characteristics of secular motets

A

1) Mixed religious and secular texts
2) Multiple languages in one song
3) Unusual combinations of voices and instruments

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18
Q

Secular Motets

A

Southern France: Troubador

Northern France: Trouveres

19
Q

Minstrels

A

People hired to write and perform motets

20
Q

Other names for minstrels

A

Germany: Minnessingers

21
Q

Popular Music in 12th and 13th Cen. England

A

Major and Minor Sounds, Circular Canons, Ostinatos

22
Q

Ostinato

A

A motive that is repeated over and over

23
Q

Vielle

A

Ancestor to Violin

24
Q

First period that we have extensive musical knowledge from

A

The medieval period

25
Q

Psaltery

A

String instrument anyone could play

26
Q

Wood winds

A

Flutes, Recorders, Shawms, Bagpipes

27
Q

Brass Instruments

A

Trumpets and horns (no valves)

28
Q

Shawm

A

Ancestor to Oboe

29
Q

String Instruments

A

Vielle, Harp, Psaltery

30
Q

Percussion

A

Indefinite (mostly drums)

31
Q

Keyboards

A

Organs (Positive and Portitive)

32
Q

Hildegard of Bingen

A

Female. Composer of sacred song and chant. Respected diplomat. Wrote knowledgeably about natural sciences and healing arts.

33
Q

Ars Nova

A

“The new method/way”

Common people demanded a voice, the church weakened

34
Q

Ars Antiqua

A

“The old method/way”

35
Q

France & England during Ars Nova

A

100 years war,

Black Plague

36
Q

Italy in Ars Nova

A

Life was good. Entered “Age of Humanism” gained a new respect and faith in humankind (optimistic)

37
Q

Music Changes in Ars Nova

A

More romantic and polyphonic

38
Q

Painting Changes in Ars Nova

A

3 Dimensional, more realistic

39
Q

Literature in Ars Nova

A

Gained popularity. Canterbury Tales, Divine Comedy

40
Q

Mass

A

Main portions of Catholic Worship set to polyphonic music

41
Q

Ordinary

A

Portions of mass that are good year round

42
Q

Proper

A

Portions of mass only good for certain seasons

43
Q

5 Sections

A

1)Kyrie

Gloria

44
Q

First setting of mass ordinary was done by…

A

Guillaume de Machaut (Missa Notre Dame)

Music Appreciation (11 decks)

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