Chapter 8

Question 1

What is an experiment?

Answer 1

Recording of measurements and observations by defined procedures in defined conditions.

Identifying and manipulating variable to look for causal relationships

Experimental and control groups

Question 2

What is a control?

Answer 2

Methods researchers use to remove or hold constant the effects of nuisance variables (variables tat get in the way)

It’s a checks and balances system for the researcher

Question 3

What is a pre-test post-test control group design?

Answer 3

1) Measure dependent variable before treatment group is exposed to stimuli (notetaking, length of eye contact, is there a measure? eye contact more than 5 seconds)
2) Give the stimuli to treatment group

(vocal variation, changes the way they are speaking)

3) Measure dependent variable again (same way, same people) eye contact, did the stimuli do anything?
4) In the other room: measure without the stimulus twice

Question 4

What is post-test only?

Answer 4

1) Assign subjects to treatment or control group
2) Introduce the stimuli
3) Compare groups

Question 5

What is descriptive design? How does it differ?

Answer 5

Non-experimental design
Differ in three ways:

Researcher does not have “control” over independent variable

Participants are not randomly assigned

Temporal order of data cannot be determined (one thing comes first, next happens, limit to correlation, not causation)

Question 6

Why can causation not be determined in descriptive design?

Answer 6

Less researcher control, can’t say working for a nonprofit leads to higher identification.

Question 7

What do researchers attempt to to show in descriptive design?

Answer 7

Categorical differences regarding the dependent variable