Chapter 8

Question 1

the first congress which convened in 1789 and was the first bill ever introduced in the Senate

Answer 1

Judiciary Act of 1789

Question 2

courts which Congress has created by its authority under Article III (their appointment is for life)

Answer 2

constitutional courts

Question 3

jurisdiction

Answer 3

the right of a court to hear and decide a case

Question 4

a state cannot be sued in federal court by its own citizens, they the citizens of another state, or by a foreign country

Answer 4

11th Amendment

Question 5

• second type of court created by Congress

- legislative courts have no jurisdiction under Article III

Answer 5

legislative court

Question 6

the chief decision makers of the federal judiciary

Answer 6

judges

Question 7

case which the plaintiff feels he has been wronged by the defendant

Answer 7

civil case

Question 8

the person filing the lawsuit

Answer 8

plaintiff

Question 9

the person named in the suit

Answer 9

defendant

Question 10

case when the government is the plaintiff and seeks to bring some legal action against the defendant because he has wronged society

Answer 10

criminal cases

Question 11

an official examination of available evidence in a court of law

Answer 11

trial

Question 12

most active of the federal judiciary courts

Answer 12

United States District Courts

Question 13

examines the evidence presented by the prosecutor determine whether there is sufficient evidence against the accused to try a case

Answer 13

grand jury

Question 14

a formal accusation against the accused

Answer 14

indictment

Question 15

sets the accused free immediately

Answer 15

acquital

Question 16

hears the case in court

Answer 16

trial jury

Question 17

After hearing the case, the tiral by jury willl answer it they are guilty or not guilty

Answer 17

verdict

Question 18

jury that cannot agree on a verdict

Answer 18

hung jury

Question 19

material presented as a proof at a trial

Answer 19

evidence

Question 20

set of standards governing the admission of evidence into the court proceedings

Answer 20

rules of evidence

Question 21

evidence obtained illegally is not admissible in a court of law

Answer 21

exclusionary rule

Question 22

request that a higher court review the case records and verdict of the lower court

Answer 22

appeal

Question 23

the right of a court to review the ruling of a lower court

Answer 23

apellate jurisdiction

Question 24

lawyers written argument

Answer 24

briefs

Question 25

past decisions involving similar cases

Answer 25

precedents

Question 26

means friend of the court

filed by individuals who are not parties in the case but still have an interest in the case’s outcome

Answer 26

amicus curiae

Question 27

a tradition since the late 19th century

Answer 27

conference handshake

Question 28

any member of the court can reverse his position at any time

Answer 28

opinion day

Question 29

the prevailing view of the court until recent decades
historical role of the supreme court has been to interpret and apply the constitution as it stand written and as it was understood by its framers

Answer 29

judicial restraint