Chapter 8

Question 1

ANS

Answer 1

two motor neuron system- in the periphery
focusing on paths and fibers on the peripheral nervous system
unlike somatic efferent that has one

Question 2

ANS

Answer 2

involuntary unconcious control
for motor control of most internal organs, smooth muscle of gut and blood vessels, skin glands, cardiac muscle, regulate heart rate

Question 3

ANS divides into

Answer 3

sympathetic (immediate) – Fight or flight, fear
parasympathetic(long term)-rest, rumination (digestion), calm
BOTH are involuntary, and for survival

Question 4

sympathetic

Answer 4

• Neurotransmitter: norepinephrine
• Turn OFF most gut activities. (digestive)
• Dilate blood vessels to musculo-skeletal structures to defend yourself
• Constrict blood vessels to internal organs reduce blood flow
• *two motor neuron,Synapses away from target structure.

Question 5

parasympathic

Answer 5

• Neurotransmitter: acetylcholine
• Turn ON most gut activities.
• Constrict blood vessels to musculo-skeletal structures and brain. gut needs it not skeletal
• drooling
• Dilate blood vessels to internal organs.
• two motor neuron,Synapses on or near target structure.

Question 6

autonomic fiber placement:
sympathetic:
parasympathetic:

Answer 6

symp: thoracolumbad carrying pregangloic(t1,L2)
para:cranio-sacral carries pregangloic (Cnn 3, 7, 9, 10; S2-4 )
para “parllel to sympathetics” parasympathetic

Question 7

what terms do we use for the ANS when talking about synapses?

Answer 7

Pregangloic(are emerging), and post gangloinic because the synapse occurs in a ganglion
(synapse in other terms occurs on or near the cell body)

Question 8

parasympathetic

Answer 8

the ganglia, where the synapse occurs when it is on or near the target strucuture, this means that the first neuron (pregangloic one) is a long fiber, has a long axon because it has to go all the way to the target structure before it synapses, very short postgangloic fiber

Question 9

parasympathetic ganglia?

Answer 9

Ganglia are not easily dissectable, embedded in wall of structure, longer ganglia, bigger and vissible with the eye (parasymp) deep inside

Question 10

very particular parasymp. ganglia,

Answer 10

head:Ciliary, Pterygopalatine, Otic, Submandibular , all targets are in head near structure
Intramural(within the walls, inside of target sturcures, synapes on the target strucure) Ganglia,

Question 11

sympathetic innervation

Answer 11

Synapses away from the target structure at paravertebral (collateral)->preaortic ganglia
-ganglia easily dissectable

Question 12

how are pregang fibers and long gang fibers like in the sympathetic

Answer 12

pre-short
post-long
opposite of parasympathetic pre-long post-short

Question 13

paravertebral ganglia (sympathetic innervation)

Answer 13

Superior Cervical, Middle Cervical, Inferior Cervical, Cervicothoracic
-form the sympathetic trunk
(goes up and down adjacent to verterbral column)

Question 14

preaortic ganiglia (sympathetic innervatio)

Answer 14

Celiac, Superior & Inferior Mesenteric Ganglia

Preaortic (Prevertebral or Collateral)

Question 15

ventral to the aorta is paravertebral or preaortic ganglia?

Answer 15

preaortic(collateral), along surface of the aorta, nerves are going to collect right next to the aorta, on the anterior portion of the aortia

Question 16

the chain of ganglia in symp. inntervation is made out of what and forms what?

Answer 16

made out of paravertbral ganglia all together connected= forms symp. trunk

Question 17

the symp trunk stretches?

Answer 17

extend all way up to neck and up to base of brain

Question 18

paravertbrals

Answer 18

in the neck does not recieve fibers, no symp. emerge from the cervical region, only taking what is recieves from thoraic lumbar carries in the neck

Question 19

specific paravertebral location

Answer 19

in your neck, you’re going to have your Superior Cervical ganglion, Middle Cervicalganglion, Inferior Cervicalganglion
-at junction before you go from your throaic into your neck=Cervicothoracic ganglion

Question 20

synapse of paravertbral

Answer 20

preganglics can enter into the sympathetic trunk they can synapse inside the ganglia of the symp. trunk and then they can go out to the target strucutre, goes out into ventral or dorsal ramus can go to hyp. expaxial skin structures

can go out and synapse into inside symp. trunk will go to target structures in head (eyes)

or can go directly to thoaric organ to heart and lungs

or preaortic ganglia, (mesenterys)complete bypass the symp. trunk, will go past without synapsing will go to one of those ganglia, reach because of specific nerves
we’re going to use the greater splanic nerve(only carries pregangloic fibers) to the celiac ganglion

-lesser splanic pregangloic sympathetcis fibers to superior mesentery ganglion

-lumbar splanic nerves, inferior mesentery ganglion
once they synapse there they can go to their target structures then you have short pre gangloic and long post ganglioc fibers going to your viscera

Question 21

what is a plexus?

Answer 21

A complex interconnection of adjacent nerves.

Question 22

explain the sympathetic ganglion chain

Answer 22

innervates visceral effoctors via spinal nerves, innervates visceral organs in thoracic cavity via symp. nerves

each ganglia connects to each other =symp. nerve trunk

4 options

Question 23

explain the collateral ganglion chain

Answer 23

innervates visceral organs abdominopelvic cavity

Question 24

explain in detail what a auto. plexus is

Answer 24

• Adjacent autonomic nerves are sorted and recombined so that fibers of a particular terminal nerve contain elements from both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation c
• instead of combing somatic from c4,c5,c6 and going into the plexsus you’re combing autonomic interveration,visceral efferent from sympatheitc and parssympathic which are coming from totally different locations (craniosacral, and thoraclumbar) in a plexsus so they can be reorganized and go into a target structure

ex. stomach, bladder needs para and symp.

Question 25

embryology

Answer 25

embryo starts to fold in ventral direction, opening to the yolk sac begins to slowly close off

Question 26

embryology

Answer 26

connection to yolk sac, midgut-before that foregut, behind hindgut

Question 27

embryonic structure foregut
1vasculature:
2symp innervation:
3para. innervation:

Answer 27

1celiac trunk
2greater splanchnic nerve
3 vagus nerve

Question 28

embryonic structure midgut
1vasculature:
2symp innervation:
3para. innervation:

Answer 28

1 cranial mesenteric artery
2lesser spanchnic nerve
3 vagus nerve

Question 29

embryonic structure hindgut
1vasculature:
2symp innervation:
3para. innervation:

Answer 29

1caudal, inferior mesenteric artery
2least splanchnic nerve
3pelvic splanchnic nerve(s2-s4)