chapter 8 Flashcards
Characteristics of a true first word
1) Recognizability
2) Appropriatness to context
3) Conventinality of Use
Preparing happens in what devl stage?
Perlocutionary
Intent to Communnicate happens in what devl stage?
Illocutionary
The First Word happens in what devl stage?
Locutionary
Specific Nominals
14% of vocab
specfic names of nouns
General Nominals
51% of vocab
general names of nouns
Action words
9% of vocab
describe actions
Modifiers
9% of vocab
qualities of things
Personal-Social words
9% of vocab
social-expressive words
Functional words
4% of vocab
items that serve a grammatical function
Nameless category principle
a novel word will be taken as the name for a previously unnamed object EX. Cup, comb, novel , object (dax
Principle of Mutual Exclusivity
if a child already has a name for an object, it cannot receive another name EX. Cup, comb
Whole Object Bias
guides the child to infer that the word label refers to the entire object and not just a part or its motion . EX. Car
Shape Bias
constrains word extension based and shared perceptual features of the original referent and the novel exemplar EX.moon, ball
Fast Mapping
an initial association is made between word and referent; Quick Incidental Learning
Slow Mapping
process of enriching lexical-semantic representations after a word is fast mapped; enriched through increased frequency of exposure and/or richer quality of exposure
Types of word errors
overextension, underextension, naming errors, word retrieval error
Overextension
When a child uses a word too broadly to refer to referents that may be similar in perceptual feature or function.
Examples: calling a strange man “daddy”
Underextension
These words have to narrow a meaning; the use of dog only when referring to a child’s dog and not other dogs
Word Retrieval Error
Phonologically: chicken/kitchen
Semantically: skating/skiing
Phonologically & semantically: elevator/escalator
An indeterminate response: I don’t know, thing
A perseverative response: uses the same word for different objects
A visual misperception: lollipop/balloon
Semantic errors and indeterminate errors; It is usually do to a weak or missing semantic representation of the target word or weak links between semantic knowledge and lexical items
Working Memory
involved in active, online processing of information; allows for temporary storage of information white it is being manipulated or processed. Limited capacity of resources as to where the information is directed; system used to make sense of new information and to integrate new information with known information stored in the LTM
Phonological Loop (WM)
encodes, maintains, and manipulates speech-based input; critical for vocabulary development. Auditory and verbal information
Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad (WM)
manipulates visual information for visual recognition and orientation of stimuli
Episodic Buffer (WM)
provides a place for integration of information to occur after the initial processing. Allows temporary representations to be integrated (new and old information)
Central Executive (WM)
modulates attention to each type of information; coordinates the actions between the phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketch pad and connects it to the episodic buffer and LTM
Long Term Memory
a memory mechanism that can hold large amounts of info for long periods of time; one stage in the modal model of memory
Decontextualization
gradual distancing of a symbol from the original development learning context; this ability is important for spoken and written language development
Naming expolsion/Nominal Insight
a discernable rapid increase in the number of words a child is learning and using
Phonetically Consistent Forms
children progress from a period of babbling to a point at which they begin to stabilize certain vocalizations around specific situations, events, and objects
