chapter 7 Flashcards
3 Components of Language Acquisition
1) the rules of grammar
2) the capacity to refer and to mean
3) communicative function or intent
Intersubjectivity
caused by motivation of sharing, an interfacing of mind with other persons
Theory of Mind
the children’s ability to predict behaviors of others and participate in effective social conversation
Describe Joint Attention
integration of info about self-experience of an object or event with information about how others experience the same object or event
Types of Joint Attention
1) Responding to Joint Attn
2) Initiating Joint Attn
3) Initiating Behavior Requests
Responding to Joint Attn
3-6 mos
the infant follows the direction of gaze, head turn, and or point gesture of another person
Initiating Joint Attn
6-9 mos
use of eye contact and diectic gestures,
seeking interaction with another to share an experience
Initiating Behavior Requests
9-18 mos
use of eye contact and gestures
gets someones attn to elict aid in obtaining an object or event
What is Temperament?
behavioral style or the how of behavior
determines what infants respond and how infants respond to their environment
3 Types of Temperament
1) Easy
2) Slow-to-warm-up
3) Difficult
Attachment
behaviors of a child upon the return of a caregiver is based on how well suited the cargiver is to the childs needs
4 Attachment styles
1) Secure Attachment
2) Avoidant Attachment
3) Resistant- Ambivalent
4) Disorganized- Disoriented
Secure Attachment
they are sad when the mother leaves, and comforted when she returns
(caregiver is attuned to their emotions)
Avoidant
they are not bothered when the mother leaves, and do not notice when she returns
(caregiver is rejecting or unavailable)
Resistant- Ambivalent
they are sad when the mother leaves, and angry when she returns, also not comforted
(Caregiver is sensitively attuned and sometimes upset)
Disorganized- Disoriented
no clear strategy for responding to thier caregiver, but is often confused of frightened by mother
Independence vs. Interdependence
two opposing views of culture:
focus on the one person (individualism)
vs. focus on the group (collectivism)
Impact of Cultural Variations
main idea of intentional behavior, if an infant is seen unintentional then they learn to talk by observing others , but if they are seen intentional they learn by engaging in talk with adults
Stages of Vertical Development
1) Perlocutionary
2) Illocutionary
3) Locutionary
Perlocutionary Stage
birth-9 mos
behavior used to communicate with adult, but is not intentional yet. so, the adult is infrencing what they need
Illocutionary Stage
around 9 mos
behavior is now intentional, they use reaching, looking, showing and or giving
Locutionary Stage
8-12 mos
use of more conventional words, child begins to request
Referencing
8-12 mos
a way of managing another’s attn, the adult will try to get the child to notice what they are doing
when can a child request?
a child can request after they can reference something to the caregiver
Horizontal Development
after reaching the illocutionary and locutionary stages, their intentions are coded into 3 levels:
1) utterance level
2) discourse level
3) social level
The Utterance Level
each utterance is coded based on what the speakers are doing at the moment
(labeling, requesting, warning, promising, or ordering?)
The Discourse Level
utterance categorized according to other utterances
does the utterance intiate conversation?
The Social level
point when the utterance can be placed in its social context
how does this function to soften or strenthen communication?
