Chapter 8 Flashcards
Articulations
Joints. Specific movement. But still consider stability
Bones. Anatomy built for?
Mobility and stability
Joint
Artho
Articular cartilage
Glassy smooth hyaline cartilage covers the opposing bone surfaces. These thin but spongy cushions absorb compression placed on the joint
Articular capsule
The joint cavity is enclosed by a two layered articular capsule. Touch external fibrous layer composed of dense irregular connective tissue
Synovial fluid
Occupies all free spaces within the joint capsule. This fluid is derived largely by filtration from blood flowing through the capillaries in the synovial membrane
Articular discs or menisci
Extend inward from the articular capsule and partially or completely divide the synovial cavity in two
Bursar
“Sac” for protection
Matrix
Chondrites sulfate
Synovial lining
Makes synovium. Lubricates joints
Shoulder joint
Stability has been sacrificed to provide the most freely moving joint of the body
Diartrodal joint
Movable type of joint which is characterized by the presence of a layer of fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage that opposing bony surfaces, as well as lubricating synovial fluid within the synovial cavity
Capitulum of humerus
Lateral portion of the articular surface of the humerus consists of smooth rounded eminence
Scapular movement
Adduction- moving the scapula back toward the spine during retraction of the shoulder girdle
Depression- inferior movement of the shoulder girdle moving the scapula down
Elevation-superior movement of the shoulder girdle moving the scapula up
Upward rotation- rotary movement of the scapula, moving inferior angle of scapula laterally and upward
Downward rotation- rotary movement of the scapula, moving inferior angle of scapula medially and downward
Torchbearer notch of the ulna
Large depression formed by the olecranon
Olecranon
Elbow head
Carrying angle
When the arm is extended with the palm facing up, the bones of the humerus and forearm are not perfectly aligned. Permits the arm to be swung without contracting the hips. Women on average have smaller shoulders and wider hips than men, which may cause a more acute carrying angle.
Force
Force travels up the hand through the wrist. Stress= force/area
Hip
Like the shoulder joint, is a ball and socket joint. Good range of motion. Hip joint is formed by the articulation of the spherical head of the femur with the deeply cupped acetabulum of the hip bone
Acetabulum- Y ligament of bigelow
Knee
Largest joint in the body
Medial condyle of knee
Larger than the lateral condyle due to more weight bearing caused by the center of gravity being medial to the knee
Lateral condyle
On the lower extremity of femur close to knee
Lateral meniscus
Fibrocartilaginous band that spans the lateral side of the interior knee joint. Nearly circular and covers a larger surface than the medial meniscus. Occasionally injured
Fibrocartilage semicircular band. Has more of a crescent shape. Common site of injury
Medial meniscus
