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Biology 201 Ch. 1 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Articulations

A

Joints. Specific movement. But still consider stability

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1
Q

Bones. Anatomy built for?

A

Mobility and stability

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2
Q

Joint

A

Artho

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3
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Glassy smooth hyaline cartilage covers the opposing bone surfaces. These thin but spongy cushions absorb compression placed on the joint

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4
Q

Articular capsule

A

The joint cavity is enclosed by a two layered articular capsule. Touch external fibrous layer composed of dense irregular connective tissue

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5
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Occupies all free spaces within the joint capsule. This fluid is derived largely by filtration from blood flowing through the capillaries in the synovial membrane

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6
Q

Articular discs or menisci

A

Extend inward from the articular capsule and partially or completely divide the synovial cavity in two

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7
Q

Bursar

A

“Sac” for protection

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8
Q

Matrix

A

Chondrites sulfate

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9
Q

Synovial lining

A

Makes synovium. Lubricates joints

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10
Q

Shoulder joint

A

Stability has been sacrificed to provide the most freely moving joint of the body

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11
Q

Diartrodal joint

A

Movable type of joint which is characterized by the presence of a layer of fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage that opposing bony surfaces, as well as lubricating synovial fluid within the synovial cavity

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12
Q

Capitulum of humerus

A

Lateral portion of the articular surface of the humerus consists of smooth rounded eminence

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13
Q

Scapular movement

A

Adduction- moving the scapula back toward the spine during retraction of the shoulder girdle
Depression- inferior movement of the shoulder girdle moving the scapula down
Elevation-superior movement of the shoulder girdle moving the scapula up
Upward rotation- rotary movement of the scapula, moving inferior angle of scapula laterally and upward
Downward rotation- rotary movement of the scapula, moving inferior angle of scapula medially and downward

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14
Q

Torchbearer notch of the ulna

A

Large depression formed by the olecranon

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15
Q

Olecranon

A

Elbow head

16
Q

Carrying angle

A

When the arm is extended with the palm facing up, the bones of the humerus and forearm are not perfectly aligned. Permits the arm to be swung without contracting the hips. Women on average have smaller shoulders and wider hips than men, which may cause a more acute carrying angle.

17
Q

Force

A

Force travels up the hand through the wrist. Stress= force/area

18
Q

Hip

A

Like the shoulder joint, is a ball and socket joint. Good range of motion. Hip joint is formed by the articulation of the spherical head of the femur with the deeply cupped acetabulum of the hip bone
Acetabulum- Y ligament of bigelow

19
Q

Knee

A

Largest joint in the body

20
Q

Medial condyle of knee

A

Larger than the lateral condyle due to more weight bearing caused by the center of gravity being medial to the knee

21
Q

Lateral condyle

A

On the lower extremity of femur close to knee

22
Q

Lateral meniscus

A

Fibrocartilaginous band that spans the lateral side of the interior knee joint. Nearly circular and covers a larger surface than the medial meniscus. Occasionally injured

23
Q

Fibrocartilage semicircular band. Has more of a crescent shape. Common site of injury

A

Medial meniscus

24
Q

Lateral collateral ligament

A

Ligament located on the lateral side of the knee

25
Q

Medial collateral ligament

A

These ligaments are critical in preventing lateral or medial rotation when the knee is extended. On medial side of knee

26
Q

Vagus knee

A

Abnormal condition where a bone is twisted outward from the center of the body

27
Q

Vargus knee

A

Abnormal twist toward the center of the body

28
Q

Circumduction

A

Circle movement of a body part

29
Q

Mobility

A

Sliding

30
Q

Stability

A

Internal rotation

31
Q

Range of motion

A

Amount of movement you have at each joint

32
Q

Excursion

A

Length of muscle shortens

33
Q

Factors that effect

A

Bone (radial ulnar deviation)
Muscle (bulk)
“Tight” musculo- tendinous units

34
Q

Pronation

A

Forearm rotates medially and the Palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly

35
Q

Supination

A

Rotating the forearm laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly

36
Q

Acl

A

Arranged in a crossed formation

37
Q

Stability and mobility

A

More stable less mobile

More mobile less stable

Biology 201 Ch. 1 (8 decks)

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