Chapter 8 Flashcards
A policy or system of segregation of or discrimination on grounds of race
Apartheid
The formal act of acquiring something by the conquest or occupation
Annexation
The contentious political process by which a state may break up into smaller countries
Balkanization
A relatively small country sandwiched between two larger powers
-the existence may help to prevent dangerous conflicts between powerful countries
Buffer state
An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state
Capitalism
Forces that tend to divide a country
Centrifugal force
Forces that tend to unite or bind a country together
Centripetal forces
A city that with its surroundings territory forms and independent state
City-state
The expansion and perpetuation of an empire
Colonization
A form of an international organization that brings several autonomous states together for a common place
Confederation
- National or global regions where economic power, in terms of wealth, innovation, and advanced technology, is concentrated
- countries that usually have low levels of economic productively, low per capita incomes, and generally low standards of living
Core
Periphery
The delegation of legal authority from a central government or lower levels of political organization, such as a state of country
Devolution
The idea that political destabilization in one country can lead to collapse of political stability in neighboring countries, starting a chain reaction of collapse
Domino theory
Different voting districts that make up local, state, and national regions
Electoral regions
- any small and relatively homogenous group or region surrounded by another larger or different group or region
- a bounded territory that is part of a particular state but is separated from it by the territory of a different state
Enclave
Exclave
International organization comprised of Western European counties to promote free trade among members
EU (European Union)
Sea zone over which a state has a special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources
Exclusive Economic Zone
A system of government in which power is distributed among certain geographical territories rather than concentrated within a central government
Federalism
A capital city placed in a remote or peripheral area, for economic, strategic, or symbolic reasons
Forward capital
The designation of voting districts so as to favor a particular political party or candidate
Gerrymandering
Area in which no one person or state may own or control and which is central to life
Global commons
- hypothesis proposed by Halford Mackinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world
- Nicholas Spykman’s theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provide the base for world conquest
Heartland
Rimland
Belief in the benefits of profitable trading, commercialism
Mercantilism
A sovereign state which is viewed as compromising two or more nations, a single nation comprises the bulk of the population
Multinational state
Tightly knit group of individuals sharing a common language, ethnicity, religion, and other cultural attributes
Nation
A country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unityn
Nation-state
The process of a reallocation of electoral seats to defined territories
Reapportionment
Supreme or independent political power
Sovereignty
Organization of three or more states to promote shared objectives
Supranational organization
The activity or result of distributing or disposing persons or things properly or methodically
Territorialization
A state governed constitutionally as a unit, without internal divisions or a federalist delegation of power
Theocracy
The doctrine that nations that should conduct their foreign affairs individualistically without the advice or involvement of other nations
Unilateralism
