Chapter 8

Question 0

the division of a single nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei

Answer 0

Mitosis

Question 1

a means of asexual reproduction in which a parent organism, often a single cell, divides into two genetically identical individuals of about equal size

Answer 1

Binary Fission

Question 2

in a sexually reproducing organism, the division of a single diploid nucleus into four haploid gametes from diploid cells in the reproductive organs of the parents

Answer 2

Meiosis

Question 3

the division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

Answer 3

cytokinesis

Question 4

the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than the bacteria are composed

Answer 4

Chromatin

Question 5

pieces of identical DNA that are crucial in the process of cell replication and division

Answer 5

Sister Chromatid

Question 6

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes

Answer 6

Chromosome

Question 7

the region of a duplicated chromosome where two sister chromatids are joined

Answer 7

centromere

Question 8

different chromosomes that contain genetic code for the same trait

Answer 8

homolog

Question 9

any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or eg cell or a cell that develops into a sperm or egg

Answer 9

Somatic Cell

Question 10

a sex cell; a haploid egg or sperm; the union of two gametes of the opposite sex forms a zygote

Answer 10

gamete

Question 11

in an organism that reproduces sexually, a cell containing two homologous sets of chromosomes, one cell inherited from each parent

Answer 11

Diploid

Question 12

in the life of a cell that reproduces sexually, a cell containing a single set of chromosomes

Answer 12

Haploid

Question 13

a condition in which the number of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell is not an exact multiple of the monoploid number of a particular species

Answer 13

Aneuploidy

Question 14

a display of micrographs of the metaphase chromosomes of a cell, arranged by the size and the centromere position

Answer 14

Karyotype

Question 15

the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division, usually resulting in an abnormal distribution of chromosomes in the daughter nuclei

Answer 15

Nondisjunction

Question 16

the exchange of segments between chromatids of homologous chromosomes during synapsis in Prophase I of meiosis

Answer 16

Crossing Over

Question 17

the union of a nucleus of the sperm cell with the nucleus of an egg cell, producing a zygote

Answer 17

Fertilization

Question 18

an abnormal mass of rapidly growing cells that forms within otherwise normal tissue

Answer 18

Tumor

Question 19

the spread of cancer cells beyond their original site

Answer 19

Metastasis