Chapter 6 (How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy)

Question 0

an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule directly to ADP, forming ATP

Answer 0

substrate level phosphorylation

Question 1

The multi-step chemical breakdown of a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate; the first stage of cellular respiration in all organisms; occurs in the cytoplasmic fluid

Answer 1

glycolysis

Question 2

one of the compounds that form between the initial reactant and the final product in a metabolic pathway, such as between glucose and pyruvate in glycolysis

Answer 2

intermediates

Question 3

An aerobe that cannot make ATP in the absence of oxygen

Answer 3

obligate aerobe

Question 4

An anaerobe that dies in the prescence of oxygen

Answer 4

obligate anaerobe

Question 5

An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration, but is capable of switching to fermentation is oxygen is absent

Answer 5

Facultative anaerobe

Question 6

An organism that is able to grow under anaerobic conditions but develops most rapidly in a n aerobic environment

Answer 6

facultative aerobe

Question 7

A set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert energy from nutrients into ATP

Answer 7

cellular respiration

Question 8

Glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to ethyl alcohol, regenerating NAD+ and releasing carbon dioxide

Answer 8

Alcohol fermentation

Question 9

Glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to lactate, regenerating NAD+

Answer 9

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 10

The production of ATP using energy derived from redox reactions of an electron transport chain; the third major stage of cellular respiration

Answer 10

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 11

An energy coupling mechanism that uses the energy of hydrogen ion gradients across membranes to drive cellular work, such as the phosphorylation of ADP; powers most ATP synthesis in cells

Answer 11

chemiosmosis

Question 12

Relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen

Answer 12

Aerobic

Question 13

Relating to, involving, or requiring an absence of free oxygen

Answer 13

Anaerobic

Question 14

A metabolic control in which a product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway

Answer 14

Feedback inhibition

Question 15

The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction; always accompanies reduction

Answer 15

Oxidation

Question 16

The gain of electrons in a substance involved in a redox reaction; always accompanies reduction

Answer 16

Reduction

Question 17

A series of electron carrier molecules that shuttle the electrons during the redox reactions that release energy to make ATP

Answer 17

Electron transport chain