Chapter 8

Question 1

what is the genetic language

Answer 1

nucleic acid

Question 2

what are the characteristics of genetic material.

Answer 2

1. must contain complex information
2. must replicate accurately
3. must encode the phenotype

Question 3

what is the product of a gene

Answer 3

protein

Question 4

what did mishear find (p)

Answer 4

puss

Question 5

what did kossel find (b)

Answer 5

bases
adenine
cytosine
guanine
thymine

Question 6

what did levee find

Answer 6

found nucleotides.

1. sugar
2. phosphate
3. base

Question 7

Chargaff

Answer 7

a=t

g=c

Question 8

what is the genetic material?

Answer 8

DNA

Question 9

what did Griffith find

Answer 9

mice

Question 10

Avery, macleod carthy

Answer 10

isolated and purify the transforming substance.

Question 11

Hershey Chase experement

Answer 11

T2 virus
used radioactive phosphorus and suffer.
phage attacks to wall and injects DNA into cell
it is replicated and then lyses.

Question 12

is the helix right handed?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

whats on the outside of the helix?

Answer 13

sugars and phosphates

Question 14

whats on the inside of the helix?

Answer 14

bases

Question 15

primary structure of DNA

Answer 15

nucleotide structure and how they are joined

Question 16

Secondary

Answer 16

Stable 3D configuration helical structure

Question 17

Tertiary

Answer 17

complex packing arrangement of double stranded DNA in chromosome.

Question 18

what is ribose

Answer 18

RNA sugar

OH to 2’ carbon

Question 19

what is Deoxyribose

Answer 19

DNA sugar

h to 2’ carbon

Question 20

What are the types of Nitrogenous base

Answer 20

purine

pyrimidine

Question 21

what is purine

Answer 21

6 sided right attached to 5 sided ring

Question 22

what is a pyrimidine

Answer 22

6 sided ring only

Question 23

Adenine and Guanine are what?

Answer 23

Purines

Question 24

Cytosine and thymine and uricel are

Answer 24

pyrimidines

Question 25

What has Uricel

Answer 25

RNA

Question 26

what is nucleoside

Answer 26

deoxyribose sugar and base together.

Question 27

what is a phosphate group

Answer 27

phosphorus atom bonded to 4 o atoms.

Question 28

information about a phosphorus atoms

Answer 28

negative charge. DNA is acidic always bonded to 5' carbon of sugar.

Question 29

what are phostodiester linkages

Answer 29

covalent bonds that join 5' to 3'

Question 30

5' end

Answer 30

free phosphate group

Question 31

3' end

Answer 31

OH group attached to 3' carbon of the sugar

Question 32

how are the antiparallel 5-3 bonded?

Answer 32

hydrogen bonds

Question 33

what is the central dogma?

Answer 33

dna is transfered in one direction

Question 34

What is RNA replication

Answer 34

rna to rna

Question 35

What is supercoiling

Answer 35

DNA helix is subject to strain because it is over wound

Question 36

What is positive supercoiling

Answer 36

over rotated

Question 37

what is negative supercoiling

Answer 37

under rotated

Question 38

topoisomerease.. function

Answer 38

enzyme that adds or removes rotations by breaking the nucleotide strands.

Question 39

Does bacteria DNA attach to histone

Answer 39

no

Question 40

What is Euchromatin

Answer 40

normal process of condensation and decondensation in the cell cycle

Question 41

what is Heterochromatin

Answer 41

Highly condensed state through out the cell cycle

Question 42

what are histones

Answer 42

small + charged proteins

Question 43

what does H1 do

Answer 43

locks dan into place and clamps in the nucleosome

Question 44

chromatin structure

Answer 44

Nucleosomes fold on themselves to form tackily packed structures.

Question 45

Centromeres

Answer 45

allow segregation to take place.

Question 46

Telomere structure

Answer 46

Stabalize chromosome

Question 47

What is the C value

Answer 47

amount of DNA per cell. | EUKARYOTES HAVE MORE DNA

Question 48

Unique Sequence DNA

Answer 48

present once or few times in genome | encode proteins

Question 49

what does tandem mean

Answer 49

clusters. | one after the other