Chapter 8 Flashcards
A mark of social disgrace that sets he deviant apart from the rest of society.
Stigma
Behavior that violates significant social norms.
Deviance
The social scientists who study criminal behavior.
Criminologists.
The viewing of deviance as the normal outgrowth of the values, norms, and structures of society.
Strain theory
The situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable.
Anomie
Explanation or deviance as a natural occurrence.
Control Theory
The explanation of deviance as a learned behavior
Cultural transmission theory
Reference to the frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and no deviant individuals.
Differential association
Techniques that act as a block on the controls that discourage deviant behavior.
Techniques of neutralization
Focus on how individuals come to be indemnified as deviant.
Labeling theory
Individuals who commit acts of primary deviance do not consider themselves to be deviant and neither does society.
Secondary deviance
A nonconformity they goes undetected by those in authority.
Primary deviance
The denouncing found guilty, and given the new identity of deviant.
Degradation ceremony
Any act that is labeled as such by those in authority, is prohibited by law, and is punishable by the government.
Crime
Offenses committed by individuals of high social statues in the course of their professional lives.
White collar crime
A large scale organization of professional criminals that controls some vice or business through violence or the threat of violence.
Crime syndicate
Once a crime has been committed and reported, it falls under the category.
Criminal justice system
The police have considerable power to decide who is actually arrested
Police discretion
The high rate of arrests among african Americans.
Racial profiling
The proceSs of legal negotiation that allows an accused person to plead guilty to a lesser charge on return for a lighter sentence.
Plea bargaining
Sanctions used to punish criminals.
Corrections
The term for repeated criminal behavior.
Recidivism
