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Residential Building and Construction Materials 1 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

The weight of the building or component itself

A

Dead Load

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2
Q

The weight of snow, people, furnishings, machines, vehicles, and goods in or on a building

A

Live Load

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3
Q

A load on a building caused by wind pressure and/ or suction

A

Wind Load

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4
Q

Subsidence of the various foundation elements of a building at the same rate, resulting in no distress to the structure of the building

A

Uniform Settlement

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5
Q

Subsidence of the various foundation elements of a building at different rates

A

Differential Settlement

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6
Q

Earth material that is particulate

A

Soil

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7
Q

A continuous mass of solid mineral material, such as granite or limestone, which can only be removed by drilling and blasting

A

Rock

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8
Q

Consists of particles that can be lifted easily with thumb and forefinger

A

Gravel

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9
Q

Made up of individual particles that can be seen but are too small to be picked up individually

A

Sand

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10
Q

Particles that are approximately equidimensional and range in size from 0.002 to 0.00008 inch

A

Silt

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11
Q

Particles that are plate shaped rather than equidimensional and smaller than silt particles, less than 0.00008 inch

A

Clay

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12
Q

A soil, usually a clay, that expands greatly when wetted

A

Expansive Soil

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13
Q

Soil containing decayed vegetable and/ or animal matter; topsoil

A

Organic Soil

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14
Q

The ability of soil to retain its engineering properties during the lifetime of a building or other construction project

A

Soil Stability

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15
Q

These are important in predicting how water will flow on and under building sites and around building substructures

A

Soil Drainage Characteristics

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16
Q

The bearing capacity of soil

A

Allowable Soil Stress

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17
Q

The widened part of a foundation that spreads a load from the building across a broader area of soil

A

Footing

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18
Q

A durable element usually made of concrete, designed to spread the load of a column over an area of soil large enough to support the column over time

A

Column Footing

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19
Q

A long, narrow footing used to support a wall

A

Wall Footing (Strip Footing)

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20
Q

Soil in its natural state in the ground and not loosened or agitated in any way

A

Undisturbed Soil

21
Q

The forcing upward of ground or buildings by the action of frost

A

Heaving

22
Q

The depth in the earth to which the soil can be expected to freeze during a severe winter

A

Frost Line

23
Q

Earth compacted into place in such a way that it has predictable physical properties, based on laboratory tests and specified, supervised installation procedures

A

Engineered Fill

24
Q

Crushed stone or gravel that has been deposited and tamped in accordance with an engineer’s directions in order that it may have specified structural properties

A

Compact Gravel Fill

25
Q

Concrete purposely formulated to have a very low nut known strength, used primarily as a backfill material

A

Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM)

26
Q

These are cast in place on top of the poured concrete strip footings

A

Concrete Foundation Wall

27
Q

A substance applied to concrete formwork to prevent concrete from adhering

A

Form-Release Compound

28
Q

A steel or plastic rod with fasteners on each end, used to hold together the two surfaces of formwork for a concrete wall

A

Form Tie

29
Q

A bolt embedded in concrete for the purpose of fastening a building frame to a concrete or masonry foundation

A

Anchor Bolt

30
Q

A metal device that connects a building frame to its foundation in such a way that the frame cannot be lifted up by external forces such as wind or earthquake

A

Hold-Down

31
Q

The wood strip bolted to the top of a foundation as a starting point for framing

A

Mudsill

32
Q

A concrete surface lying upon, and supported directly by, the ground beneath

A

Slab On Grade

33
Q

A grid of steel rods that are welded together, used to reinforce a concrete slab

A

Welded Wire Fabric

34
Q

Short fibers of glass, steel, or polypropylene mixed into concrete to act as reinforcement against plastic shrinkage cracking

A

Fibrous Admixture

35
Q

Insulating foam installed around the outside edges of a floor slab

A

Perimeter Insulation

36
Q

An intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or component, designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure

A

Control Joint

37
Q

To strike off the surface of a concrete slab using screeds and a straight piece of lumber or metal

A

Strike Off (Straightedge)

38
Q

A trowel with a slightly rough surface used in an intermediate stage of finishing a concrete slab; as a verb, to use a float for finishing concrete

A

Float

39
Q

A thin, flat steel tool, either pointed or rectangular, provided with a handle and held in the hand, used to manipulate mastic, mortar, plaster, or concrete; also a machine whose rotating steel blades are used to finish concrete slabs

A

Trowel

40
Q

A piece of wood or panel material on which a concrete finisher may stand or kneel in order to avoid footprints or kneeprints in an uncured concrete slab

A

Kneeboard

41
Q

A concrete slab that has been strengthened after it was cured by stretching high-strength steel cables through tubes that were cast into it

A

Posttensioned Slab

42
Q

A high-strength steel cable used to posttension cable

A

Tendon

43
Q

A foundation made of preservative-treated wood and panels, together with a compacted crushed stone base and various waterproofing and drainage features

A

Permanent Wood Foundation (PWF)

44
Q

Employ high strength (4000 to 5000 psi) concrete in efficient structural configurations to make full-height basement wall panels in length up to 12 feet

A

Precast Concrete Foundation

45
Q

A very thick, highly porous plastic fabric through which water flowws readily

A

Drainage Matting

46
Q

A coating applied to the outside face of a basement wall as a barrier to the passage pf water

A

Dampproofing

47
Q

An impervious membrane applied to the outside of a foundation

A

Waterproofing

48
Q

Codes in some cold climates permit polystyrene foam insulation boards to be used in a special configuration that allows the construction of footings above the normal frost line in the soil, resulting in lower excavation costs

A

Shallow Frost-Protected Foundation

Residential Building and Construction Materials 1 (8 decks)

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