Chapter 5 Flashcards
A brick, stone, concrete block, glass block, or hollow clay tile intended to be laid in mortar
Masonry Unit
A substance used to join masonry units, consisting of cementitious materials, fine aggregate, and water
Mortar
A rectangular building block made of clay or shale, either fired or unfired
Brick
One who builds with bricks, stones, or concrete masonry units; one who works with concrete
Mason
Inert particles, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, or expanded minerals, in a concrete or plaster mixture
Aggregate
A thin, flat steel tool, either pointed or rectangular, provided with a handle and held in the hand, used to manipulate mastic, mortar, plaster, or concrete; also, a machine whose rotating steel blades are used to finish concrete slabs; to use a towel
Trowel
Calcium oxide or magnesium oxide (quicklime); calcium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide (slaked lime)
Lime
Calcium hydroxide produced by burning calcium carbonate to form calcium oxide (quicklime), then allowing the calcium oxide to combine chemically with water
Hydrated Lime
Portland cement with dry admixtures designed to increase the workability of mortar
Masonry Cement
A block or hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manner as a brick or stone; a concrete block
Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU)
A concrete masonry unit, usually hollow, that is larger than a brick
Concrete Block
In masonry work, a corner or wall end accurately constructed with the aid of a spirit level to serve as a guide for placing the bricks in the remainder of the wall
Lead
A strip of wood marked with the exact course heights of masonry for a particular building, used to make sure that all the leads are identical in height and coursing
Story Pole
A small L-shaped clip, designed to hold a mason’s line precisely at the top of a course of brick or block
Line Block
Bonding a concrete masonry wall together by applying a layer of glass-fiber-reinforced stucco to both its surfaces
Surface Bonding
Making bricks by pressing wet clay into molds
Soft Mud Process
A brick made in a mold that is wetted before the clay is placed on it
Water-Struck Brick
A brick made in a mold that is wetted and then dusted with sand before the clay is placed in it (Sand-struck Brick)
Sand-Molded Brick
A method of molding slightly damp clays and shales into bricks by forcing them into molds under high pressure
Dry Press Process
A method of molding bricks in which a column of damp clay is extruded from a rectangular die and cut into bricks by fine wires
Stiff Mud Process
A tool for holding two pieces of material together temporarily; unfired bricks piled in such a way that they can be fired without using a kiln
Clamp
A fused mass that is an intermediate product of cement manufacture; a brick that is over burned
Clinker
A brick selected on the basis of appearance and durability for use in the exposed surface of a wall
Facing Brick
A brick of low visual quality used in a position where it will not be exposed to view
Backup Brick
A kiln that is loaded and fired in discrete batches, as differentiated from a tunnel kiln, which is operated continuously
Periodic Kiln
A kiln through which clay products are passed on railroad cars
Tunnel Kiln
The process of applying heat to evaporate the last water from clay products before they are fired
Water Smoking
The removal of water from a substance
Dehydration
Corrosion; rusting; rust
Oxidation
The process of transforming a material into a glassy substance by means of heat
Vitrification
A thin, continuous sheet of metal, plastic, rubber, or waterproof paper used to prevent the passage of water through a joint in a wall, roof, or chimney
Flashing
Classifications that relate to the resistance of bricks to freeze-thaw damage
Brick Grades
Classifications that relate to the degree of uniformity and perfection in the manufacture of bricks
Brick Types
A brick made from special clays to withstand very high temperatures, as in a fireplace, furnace, or industrial chimney
Firebrick
A clay that, when dry, is highly resistant to decomposition by high heat
Fireclay
A vertical layer of masonry that is one masonry unit thick
Wythe
A brick or masonry unit laid in its most usual position, with the broadest surface of the unit horizontal and the length of the unit parallel to the surface of the wall
Stretcher
In wood light framing, a structural member that spans an opening in a wall or a joist that supports other joists; in steel construction, a beam that spans between girders; in masonry, a brick or other masonry unit laid across two wythes with its end exposed in the face of the wall
Header
A brick laid on its long edge, with its end exposed in the face of the wall
Rowlock
A brick laid on its end, with its narrow face toward the outside of the wall
Soldier
A mortar joint whose profile resembles the letter V
Vee Joint
A mortar joint tooled into a curved, indented profile
Concave Joint
A mortar joint that has had the mortar scraped out to a significant depth from the outer surface of the wall
Raked (Stripped) Joint
A beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening
Lintel
A spanning device in which masonry units in successive courses are cantilevered slightly over one another; a projecting bracket of masonry or concrete
Corbel
A structural device that supports a vertical load by translating it into axial, inclined forces as its supports
Arch
Temporary formwork for an arch, dome, or vault
Centering
The area of masonry resisting thrust at the ends of a structural arch
Spandrel
Brick that has been shaped by rubbing it on abrasive stone
Gauged Brick
An arch made from masonry units that are rectangular rather than wedge shaped
Rough Arch
Rock formed by the solidification of magma
Igneous Rock
Rock formed from materials deposited as sediments, such as sand or sea shells, which form sandstone and limestone, respectively
Sedimentary Rock
A rock created by the action of heat or pressure on a sedimentary rock or soil
Metamorphic Rock
Igneous rock with visible crystals of quartz and feldspar
Granite
A dark gray to black fine-grained igneous rock
Basalt
A sedimentary rock consisting of calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, or both
Limestone
A sedimentary rock formed from sand
Sandstone
Water contained in limestone at the time it is removed from the earth
Quarry Sap
A brownish or reddish sandstone
Brownstone
A sandstone that is gray to blue-gray in color and splits readily into thin slabs
Bluestone
A metamorphic form of clay, easily split into thin sheets
Slate
A metamorphic rock formed from limestone by heat and pressure
Marble
Rough building stone gathered from riverbeds and fields
Fieldstone
Stone masonry made with unsquared stones
Rubble Masonry
Building stone cut to a rectangular shape
Dimension Stone
Large rectangular slabs of quarried stone
Cut Stone
Squared stonework
Ashlar
Flat stones used for paving or flooring
Flagstone
Artificial stone, usually made from portland cement concrete
Manufactured Stone
A hollow masonry unit made of glass
Glass Block
Concrete formulated so as to contain a large percentage of gas bubbles as a result of a chemical reaction that takes place in an atmosphere of steam
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC)
A process of removing defective weathered mortar and replacing it with new mortar
Tuck Pointing
A powdery deposit on the face of a surface of masonry or concrete, caused by the leaching of chemical salts by water migrating from within the structure to the surface
Efflorescence
A brick that has been molded with small hollow passages through its height so as to facilitate drying and firing and to make the brick lighter in weight
Cored Brick
A brick that has been molded with a recess in its largest surface so as to facilitate drying and firing and to make the brick lighter in weight
Frogged Brick
A brick that has been molded with large internal passages through its height so as to accept reinforcing bars and grout
Hollow Brick
