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Residential Building and Construction Materials 1 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

A brick, stone, concrete block, glass block, or hollow clay tile intended to be laid in mortar

A

Masonry Unit

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2
Q

A substance used to join masonry units, consisting of cementitious materials, fine aggregate, and water

A

Mortar

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3
Q

A rectangular building block made of clay or shale, either fired or unfired

A

Brick

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4
Q

One who builds with bricks, stones, or concrete masonry units; one who works with concrete

A

Mason

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5
Q

Inert particles, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, or expanded minerals, in a concrete or plaster mixture

A

Aggregate

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6
Q

A thin, flat steel tool, either pointed or rectangular, provided with a handle and held in the hand, used to manipulate mastic, mortar, plaster, or concrete; also, a machine whose rotating steel blades are used to finish concrete slabs; to use a towel

A

Trowel

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7
Q

Calcium oxide or magnesium oxide (quicklime); calcium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide (slaked lime)

A

Lime

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8
Q

Calcium hydroxide produced by burning calcium carbonate to form calcium oxide (quicklime), then allowing the calcium oxide to combine chemically with water

A

Hydrated Lime

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9
Q

Portland cement with dry admixtures designed to increase the workability of mortar

A

Masonry Cement

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10
Q

A block or hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manner as a brick or stone; a concrete block

A

Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU)

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11
Q

A concrete masonry unit, usually hollow, that is larger than a brick

A

Concrete Block

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12
Q

In masonry work, a corner or wall end accurately constructed with the aid of a spirit level to serve as a guide for placing the bricks in the remainder of the wall

A

Lead

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13
Q

A strip of wood marked with the exact course heights of masonry for a particular building, used to make sure that all the leads are identical in height and coursing

A

Story Pole

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14
Q

A small L-shaped clip, designed to hold a mason’s line precisely at the top of a course of brick or block

A

Line Block

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15
Q

Bonding a concrete masonry wall together by applying a layer of glass-fiber-reinforced stucco to both its surfaces

A

Surface Bonding

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16
Q

Making bricks by pressing wet clay into molds

A

Soft Mud Process

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17
Q

A brick made in a mold that is wetted before the clay is placed on it

A

Water-Struck Brick

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18
Q

A brick made in a mold that is wetted and then dusted with sand before the clay is placed in it (Sand-struck Brick)

A

Sand-Molded Brick

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19
Q

A method of molding slightly damp clays and shales into bricks by forcing them into molds under high pressure

A

Dry Press Process

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20
Q

A method of molding bricks in which a column of damp clay is extruded from a rectangular die and cut into bricks by fine wires

A

Stiff Mud Process

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21
Q

A tool for holding two pieces of material together temporarily; unfired bricks piled in such a way that they can be fired without using a kiln

A

Clamp

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22
Q

A fused mass that is an intermediate product of cement manufacture; a brick that is over burned

A

Clinker

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23
Q

A brick selected on the basis of appearance and durability for use in the exposed surface of a wall

A

Facing Brick

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24
Q

A brick of low visual quality used in a position where it will not be exposed to view

A

Backup Brick

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25
Q

A kiln that is loaded and fired in discrete batches, as differentiated from a tunnel kiln, which is operated continuously

A

Periodic Kiln

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26
Q

A kiln through which clay products are passed on railroad cars

A

Tunnel Kiln

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27
Q

The process of applying heat to evaporate the last water from clay products before they are fired

A

Water Smoking

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28
Q

The removal of water from a substance

A

Dehydration

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29
Q

Corrosion; rusting; rust

A

Oxidation

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30
Q

The process of transforming a material into a glassy substance by means of heat

A

Vitrification

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31
Q

A thin, continuous sheet of metal, plastic, rubber, or waterproof paper used to prevent the passage of water through a joint in a wall, roof, or chimney

A

Flashing

32
Q

Classifications that relate to the resistance of bricks to freeze-thaw damage

A

Brick Grades

33
Q

Classifications that relate to the degree of uniformity and perfection in the manufacture of bricks

A

Brick Types

34
Q

A brick made from special clays to withstand very high temperatures, as in a fireplace, furnace, or industrial chimney

A

Firebrick

35
Q

A clay that, when dry, is highly resistant to decomposition by high heat

A

Fireclay

36
Q

A vertical layer of masonry that is one masonry unit thick

A

Wythe

37
Q

A brick or masonry unit laid in its most usual position, with the broadest surface of the unit horizontal and the length of the unit parallel to the surface of the wall

A

Stretcher

38
Q

In wood light framing, a structural member that spans an opening in a wall or a joist that supports other joists; in steel construction, a beam that spans between girders; in masonry, a brick or other masonry unit laid across two wythes with its end exposed in the face of the wall

A

Header

39
Q

A brick laid on its long edge, with its end exposed in the face of the wall

A

Rowlock

40
Q

A brick laid on its end, with its narrow face toward the outside of the wall

A

Soldier

41
Q

A mortar joint whose profile resembles the letter V

A

Vee Joint

42
Q

A mortar joint tooled into a curved, indented profile

A

Concave Joint

43
Q

A mortar joint that has had the mortar scraped out to a significant depth from the outer surface of the wall

A

Raked (Stripped) Joint

44
Q

A beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening

A

Lintel

45
Q

A spanning device in which masonry units in successive courses are cantilevered slightly over one another; a projecting bracket of masonry or concrete

A

Corbel

46
Q

A structural device that supports a vertical load by translating it into axial, inclined forces as its supports

A

Arch

47
Q

Temporary formwork for an arch, dome, or vault

A

Centering

48
Q

The area of masonry resisting thrust at the ends of a structural arch

A

Spandrel

49
Q

Brick that has been shaped by rubbing it on abrasive stone

A

Gauged Brick

50
Q

An arch made from masonry units that are rectangular rather than wedge shaped

A

Rough Arch

51
Q

Rock formed by the solidification of magma

A

Igneous Rock

52
Q

Rock formed from materials deposited as sediments, such as sand or sea shells, which form sandstone and limestone, respectively

A

Sedimentary Rock

53
Q

A rock created by the action of heat or pressure on a sedimentary rock or soil

A

Metamorphic Rock

54
Q

Igneous rock with visible crystals of quartz and feldspar

A

Granite

55
Q

A dark gray to black fine-grained igneous rock

A

Basalt

56
Q

A sedimentary rock consisting of calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, or both

A

Limestone

57
Q

A sedimentary rock formed from sand

A

Sandstone

58
Q

Water contained in limestone at the time it is removed from the earth

A

Quarry Sap

59
Q

A brownish or reddish sandstone

A

Brownstone

60
Q

A sandstone that is gray to blue-gray in color and splits readily into thin slabs

A

Bluestone

61
Q

A metamorphic form of clay, easily split into thin sheets

A

Slate

62
Q

A metamorphic rock formed from limestone by heat and pressure

A

Marble

63
Q

Rough building stone gathered from riverbeds and fields

A

Fieldstone

64
Q

Stone masonry made with unsquared stones

A

Rubble Masonry

65
Q

Building stone cut to a rectangular shape

A

Dimension Stone

66
Q

Large rectangular slabs of quarried stone

A

Cut Stone

67
Q

Squared stonework

A

Ashlar

68
Q

Flat stones used for paving or flooring

A

Flagstone

69
Q

Artificial stone, usually made from portland cement concrete

A

Manufactured Stone

70
Q

A hollow masonry unit made of glass

A

Glass Block

71
Q

Concrete formulated so as to contain a large percentage of gas bubbles as a result of a chemical reaction that takes place in an atmosphere of steam

A

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC)

72
Q

A process of removing defective weathered mortar and replacing it with new mortar

A

Tuck Pointing

73
Q

A powdery deposit on the face of a surface of masonry or concrete, caused by the leaching of chemical salts by water migrating from within the structure to the surface

A

Efflorescence

74
Q

A brick that has been molded with small hollow passages through its height so as to facilitate drying and firing and to make the brick lighter in weight

A

Cored Brick

75
Q

A brick that has been molded with a recess in its largest surface so as to facilitate drying and firing and to make the brick lighter in weight

A

Frogged Brick

76
Q

A brick that has been molded with large internal passages through its height so as to accept reinforcing bars and grout

A

Hollow Brick

Residential Building and Construction Materials 1 (8 decks)

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