Chapter 8

Question 0

The Indian caste system

Answer 0

Was extremely complex and stratified; a person could not change caste

Question 1

The highest Hindu caste in India was the

Answer 1

Brahmans (priests, scholars)

Question 2

The major difference between Buddhism and Hinduism was

Answer 2

Buddhism denied the need for caste, rites, and sacrifice to achieve nirvana

Question 3

The center of the Buddhist world was

Answer 3

The monastic community of monks and nuns

Question 4

Alexander the Great’s invasion of India

Answer 4

Led to the rise of the Mauryan empire and spread of Buddhism to Central Asia

Question 5

All of these groups in India would have welcomed Ashoka’s official patronage of Buddhism except

Answer 5

Priests

Question 6

Buddhism lost its appeal and influence in Guptan India because

Answer 6

Buddhist monks and nuns were isolated from the Indian population and did not interact much with the population

Question 7

Achievements during the Gupta period included all of the following except

Answer 7

The conquest and unification of the Indian subcontinent

Question 8

In Mesopotamia, the cuneiform culture of the Sumerians successfully assimilated invaders and provided stability and continuity. The same role in India was performed by

Answer 8

The Hindu social hierarchy

Question 9

In that the Americas were probably unknown to other civilizations and therefore isolated, the first developments of civilization in the Americas involved

Answer 9

Independent invention

Question 10

If Pre-Columbian civilizations in North and South America had any amount of contact between their civilizations, it would have occurred

Answer 10

Across the intermediate areas’ adjacent seas and land such as the Isthmus of Panama and Colombia

Question 11

With regard to the origins of the American Indians

Answer 11

Probably migrated from Asia across a land bridge

Question 12

The two cultural hearths of civilizations in the Americas included Central Mexico and

Answer 12

The Andean river valleys and plateaus of Ecuador and Peru

Question 13

One major difference between the political development in the Americas and other river valley and classical civilizations in Africa and Eurasia was

Answer 13

Most American civilizations arose based on a pattern of chiefdoms and clan relationships

Question 14

All of these account for the great diversity of Indians in the Americas except

Answer 14

Different ethnicities and races arrived from Asia, Africa, and Polynesia

Question 15

The core or mother civilization for other civilizations in Mesoamerica was

Answer 15

The Olmecs

Question 16

Although the Mayas developed similarity to other civilizations, they never

Answer 16

Progressed much past Neolithic technologies

Question 17

Unlike most other classical civilizations, the primary reason for Mayan collapse seems to have been

Answer 17

Agricultural exhaustion

Question 18

A constant influence on the development if sedentary agriculture and states in the Andes was

Answer 18

The vertical changes and microclimates created by altitude and temperature

Question 19

The Incas developed a civilization based largely on

Answer 19

A social welfare system of cooperation and reciprocal obligations

Question 20

The environmental factor, which influenced movement in Africa was

Answer 20

The increasing desertification of the Sahara

Question 21

When the Bantu migrated, they

Answer 21

Spread agriculture, crops, and iron technologies across much of Africa

Question 22

In Africa, to study migration and ethnic origins, historians

Answer 22

Study the evolution if languages and historical linguistics

Question 23

In Axum, trade and contacts

Answer 23

Led to the kingdom’s conversion to Christianity

Question 24

Ghana rose to prominence on the savannas

Answer 24

Through its control of Trans-Saharan trade, and regulation of salt and gold

Question 25

In early Germanic society,

Answer 25

Women were held in high esteem and had considerable influence

Question 26

Early historic Japanese culture

Answer 26

Was a blend in which the Japanese controlled the process of borrowing

Question 27

Shinto

Answer 27

Is an extremely developed form of animistic nature worship

Question 28

Contacts with China introduced all of these to Japan except

Answer 28

The idea and position of the emperor and imperial rule

Question 29

In terms of distance traveled, the greatest maritime migration in history was

Answer 29

The spread of the Polynesians across Indian and Pacific oceans

Question 30

All of these happenings must occur for a new period in world history to begin except

Answer 30

Nomadic peoples must overrun sedentary civilizations

Question 31

At the end of the Classical Age

Answer 31

There was a religious upsurge as a result of social and economic problems

Question 32

As the Han Empire collapsed

Answer 32

Large landowners and warlords dominated the governments in the Chinese states

Question 33

During the 5th century C.E., Buddhism in China

Answer 33

Blended with Daoism, whose followers borrowed many Buddhist ideas

Question 34

In India during the period after the Guptan collapse,

Answer 34

Hinduism maintained cultural cohesion when the central state collapsed

Question 35

In comparison to the end of the classical civilizations in China and India, the collapse of the Roman Empire was

Answer 35

More severe and extensive than elsewhere

Question 36

Christianity differed from the Classic Mediterranean culture in all of these ways except

Answer 36

Offering salvation to the poor and slaves

Question 37

All of these contributed to the decline and fall of Rome except

Answer 37

Nomadic invasions

Question 38

The fall of the Roman Empire

Answer 38

Divided the Mediterranean into three different cultural zones

Question 39

Mahayana Buddhism

Answer 39

Sees the Buddha as a savior or god, and stresses the possibility of an afterlife

Question 40

In contrast to Mahayana Buddhism, as Christianity evolved and spread, it

Answer 40

Was intolerant of other faiths

Question 41

In the 5th century C.E., Buddhism spread to China

Answer 41

Where the Chinese imposed some of their own cultural values on the religion