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ANP 202 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Taphonomy

A

The study of the deposition of plant or animal remains and the environmental conditions affecting their preservation

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2
Q

Sedimentary

A

Rock formed when the deposition creates distinct layers, or strata

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3
Q

Eras

A

Major divisions of geologic time that are divided into periods and further subdivided into epochs

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4
Q

Epochs

A

Divsions of periods (Which are the major divisions of eras) in geologic time

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5
Q

Pangea

A

A hypotheitcal landmass in which all the continents were joined , approximately 300-200 mya

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6
Q

Tectonic

A

Refers to varous structures on Earth’s surface, such as the continental plates

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7
Q

Steno’s Law of Superposition

A

The principle that the lower the stratum or layer, the older its age; the oldest layers are at the bottom, and the youngest are ath the top

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8
Q

Stratigraphic Correlation

A

The process of matching up strata from several sites through the analysis of chemical, physical, and other properties

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9
Q

Fluorine dating

A

A relative (chemical) dating method that compares the accumulation of fluorine in animal and human bones from the same site

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10
Q

Chemical dating

A

dating methods that use predictable chemical changes that occur over time

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11
Q

Index fossils

A

fossils that are from specified time ranges, are found in multiple locatoins, and can be used to determine the age of associated strata

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12
Q

Cultural Dating

A

Relative dating methods that are based on material remains’ in time spans

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13
Q

Pebble tools

A

The earliest stone tools, in which simple flakes were knocked off to produce an edge used for cutting and scraping

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14
Q

Dendrochronology

A

A chronometric dating method that uses a tree-ring count to determine numerical age

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15
Q

Radiocarbon dating

A

The radiometric dating method in which the ration of 14C to 12 C is measured to porivde an absolute date for a material younger than 50,000 years

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16
Q

Isotopes

A

Two or more forms of a chemical element that vary in the number of neutrons in the nucleus and by the atomic mass

17
Q

Half-life

A

The time it take for half of the radioisotipes in a substance to decay; used in various radiometric dating methods

18
Q

Igneous

A

Rock formed from the crystallization of molten magma, which contains the radioisotope 40K used in potassium-argon dating

19
Q

Radio potassium Dating

A

The radiometric dating method in which the ratio of 40 K to 40 Ar is measured to provide an absolute date for a material older than 200,000 years.

20
Q

Fission track dating

A

An Absolute dating method basid on the measurement of the number of tracks left by the decay of uranium-238

21
Q

Amino acid Dating

A

An absolute dating method for organic remains such as bone or shell in which the amount of change in the amino acid structure is measured

22
Q

Polarized light

A

a kind of light used in amino acid dating because it allows amino acid changes to be observed and measured

23
Q

Recemization

A

The chemical reaction resulting in the conversion of L amino acids to D amino acids for amino acid dating

24
Q

Paleomagnetic dating

A

An absolute dating method based on the reversals of Earth’s magnetic field

25
Q

Electron Spin Resonance dating

A

An absolute dating method based on the reversals of Earth’s magnetic field

26
Q

Election Spin Resonance dating

A

An absolute dating method that uses microwave spectroscopy to measure electons’ spins in various materials

27
Q

Thermoluminescence Dating

A

A relative dating method in which the energy trapped in a merterial is measured when the object is heated

28
Q

Foraminifera

A

Marine protozoans that have variably shaped shells with small holes

29
Q

C3 Plants

A

Plants that take in carbon through C3 photosynthesis, which changes carbon dioxide into a compound having three carbon atoms, Thending to be from more temperature regions, these plants include wheat, sugar beets, peas, and a range of hardwood trees

30
Q

C4 Plants

A

Plants that take in carbon through c4 photosynthesis, which changes carbon dioxide into a compound with four carbon atoms. These plants tend to be from warmer regions with low humidity and include corn, sugarcane, millet, and prickly pear

ANP 202 (4 decks)

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