Chapter 8

Question 0

Beliefs

Answer 0

The mental acceptance or conviction that certain that certain things are true or real.

Question 1

Absolute poverty

Answer 1

A level of economic deprivation that exists when people do not have the means to secure the most basic necessities of life.

Question 2

Capitalism

Answer 2

An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, from which personal profits can be derived through market competition and without government intervention.

Question 3

Core nations

Answer 3

According to world systems theory, dominant capitalist centers characterized by high levels of industrialization and urbanization.

Question 4

Corporations

Answer 4

Organizations that have legal powers separate from their individual owners.

Question 5

Division of labor

Answer 5

How the various tasks of a society are divided up and performed.

Question 6

Economy

Answer 6

The social institution that ensures the maintenance of society through the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

Question 7

Education

Answer 7

The social institution responsible for the systematic transmission of knowledge, skills, and cultural values within a formally organized structure.

Question 8

Fertility

Answer 8

The actual level of childbearing for an individual or a population.

Question 9

Global stratification

Answer 9

The unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige on a global basis, resulting in people having vastly different lifestyles and life chances both within and among the nations of the world.

Question 10

Health

Answer 10

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

Question 11

High-income countries

Answer 11

Nations with highly industrialized economies

Question 12

Income

Answer 12

The economic gain derived from wages, salaries, income transfers and ownership of property.

Question 13

Low-income countries

Answer 13

Nations with little industrialization and low levels of national and personal income.

Question 14

Life expectancy

Answer 14

An estimate of the average lifetime of people born in a specific year.

Question 15

Middle-income countries

Answer 15

Nations with industrializing economies, particularly in urban areas, and moderate levels of national and personal income.

Question 16

Mortality

Answer 16

The incidence of death in a population.

Question 17

Modernization theory

Answer 17

A perspective that links global inequality to different levels of economic development and suggests that low-income economies by achieving self-sustained economic growth.

Question 18

Migration

Answer 18

The movement of people from in geographical area to another for the purpose of changing residency.

Question 19

Relative poverty

Answer 19

A level of economic deprivation that exists when people may be able to afford basic necessities but are still unable to maintain an average standard of living.

Question 20

Riot

Answer 20

Violent crowd behavior that is fueled by deep-seated emotions but not directed at one specific target.

Question 21

Peripheral nations

Answer 21

Nations that are dependent on core nations for capital, have little or no industrialization, and have uneven patterns of urbanization.

Question 22

Theory

Answer 22

A set of logically interrelated statements that attempts to describe, explain, and predict social events.

Question 23

Technology

Answer 23

The knowledge, techniques, and tools that allow people to transform resources into usable forms and the knowledge and skills required to use what is developed.

Question 24

Semiperipheral nations

Answer 24

Nations that are more developed than peripheral nations but less developed than core nations.

Question 25

Transnational corporations

Answer 25

Large corporations that are headquartered in one country but sell and produce goods and services in many countries.

Question 26

Urbanization

Answer 26

The process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities rather than in rural areas.

Question 27

Values

Answer 27

Collective ideas about what is right or wrong, good or bad, and desirable or undesirable in a particular culture.