Chapter 8 Flashcards
Beliefs
The mental acceptance or conviction that certain that certain things are true or real.
Absolute poverty
A level of economic deprivation that exists when people do not have the means to secure the most basic necessities of life.
Capitalism
An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, from which personal profits can be derived through market competition and without government intervention.
Core nations
According to world systems theory, dominant capitalist centers characterized by high levels of industrialization and urbanization.
Corporations
Organizations that have legal powers separate from their individual owners.
Division of labor
How the various tasks of a society are divided up and performed.
Economy
The social institution that ensures the maintenance of society through the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
Education
The social institution responsible for the systematic transmission of knowledge, skills, and cultural values within a formally organized structure.
Fertility
The actual level of childbearing for an individual or a population.
Global stratification
The unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige on a global basis, resulting in people having vastly different lifestyles and life chances both within and among the nations of the world.
Health
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
High-income countries
Nations with highly industrialized economies
Income
The economic gain derived from wages, salaries, income transfers and ownership of property.
Low-income countries
Nations with little industrialization and low levels of national and personal income.
Life expectancy
An estimate of the average lifetime of people born in a specific year.
Middle-income countries
Nations with industrializing economies, particularly in urban areas, and moderate levels of national and personal income.
Mortality
The incidence of death in a population.
Modernization theory
A perspective that links global inequality to different levels of economic development and suggests that low-income economies by achieving self-sustained economic growth.
Migration
The movement of people from in geographical area to another for the purpose of changing residency.
Relative poverty
A level of economic deprivation that exists when people may be able to afford basic necessities but are still unable to maintain an average standard of living.
Riot
Violent crowd behavior that is fueled by deep-seated emotions but not directed at one specific target.
Peripheral nations
Nations that are dependent on core nations for capital, have little or no industrialization, and have uneven patterns of urbanization.
Theory
A set of logically interrelated statements that attempts to describe, explain, and predict social events.
Technology
The knowledge, techniques, and tools that allow people to transform resources into usable forms and the knowledge and skills required to use what is developed.
Semiperipheral nations
Nations that are more developed than peripheral nations but less developed than core nations.
Transnational corporations
Large corporations that are headquartered in one country but sell and produce goods and services in many countries.
Urbanization
The process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities rather than in rural areas.
Values
Collective ideas about what is right or wrong, good or bad, and desirable or undesirable in a particular culture.
