Chapter 8 Flashcards
Development of postural control
What is the Moro reflex?
An involuntary response neonates exhibit in response to an unexpected stimulus, characterized by:
* Suddenly extending arms and legs
* Opening their hands
* Quickly pulling back arms and legs as if to embrace
Suggests that an immature postural system limits the emergence of other behaviors.
What are the motor milestones in the development of infants?
The predictable sequence of motor behaviors includes:
* 1 month > lifting head
* 4-7 months > sitting with support
* 4-8 months > sitting independently
* 8-10 months > creeping
* 8-10 months > crawling
* 9-10 months > pulling to stand
* 12-13 months > independent stance
* 14-18 months > walking
These milestones indicate the progression of motor skills in infants.
What does the law of developmental direction (Gesell) refer to?
It refers to the predictable patterns in which children develop physically and behaviorally as they grow.
What are examples of developmental tests?
Examples include:
* Gross motor function measure (GMFM)
* Peabody developmental motor scales
* Bayley scales of infant development
* Movement assessment of infants
These tests assess various aspects of motor development in infants.
What is the hierarchical theory of developing postural control?
It emphasizes the importance of a reflex substrate for the emergence of mature human behavior patterns, where postural control is dependent on the appearance and integration of reflexes.
What does the systems theory of developing postural control suggest?
It suggests that development involves more than the maturation of reflexes within the CNS and that postural control evolves from complex interactions between neural and musculoskeletal systems.
What changes occur in the musculoskeletal system during development?
Changes include:
* Development of motor coordination strategies
* Development of individual sensory systems
* Development of sensory strategies for organizing multiple inputs
* Development of cognitive resources
These changes are essential for effective postural control.
What is motor coordination?
The coordination of multiple muscles to control the position of the head and trunk during all three balances.
How is postural control characterized?
By the ability to adapt how we use sensory information about the position and movement of the body in space to changing task and environment demands.
What is locomotion?
The movement of body parts that allows the functioning of the human body.
