chapter 8 Flashcards
what is cellular respiration
process that breaks down nutrient molecules produced by photosynthesis with the production of ATP
oxygen is consumed and produces
CO2
also involves breaking down glucose into
CO2 and gets H2O
Oxidation reduction
reactions that involves transfer electrons.
oxidation
loss of electrons (NAD)
reduction
gain of electrons (FAD)
Phases of cellular respiration
- Glycolysis
- Preparatory
- Citric Acid Cycle
- Electron Transport chain (ETC)
Glycolysis is broken into ….
2 pyruvates in the cytoplasm
in glycolysis what is formed?
ATP energy
is Glycolysis anaerobic or aerobic
Anaerobic (no oxygen)
in the Preparatory stage, what is oxidized?
Pyruvates (loss of electrons)
2 carbons released as CO2
this ends up in what part of the cell?
the mitochondria
where are the energy electrons stored?
The NADH
where is the citric acid cycle located?
in the mitochondrion
what is produced in this process?
FADH2 NADH and ATP
how many times does this cycle happen and why?
happens 2 times because of pyruvates
how many CO2 does this process release?
4 more CO2
where is the ETC located?
in the folds of the mitochondria, Cristae
Where does the ETC take more energy from?
NADH and FADH2
how much ATP is produced in the ETC?
32-34 ATP
ETC is also
Chemiosmosis
In glycolysis 2 ATPs are required to do what?
To activate the glucose (energy)
energy harvesting more ATP by …..
NAD+ with hydrogen+ = NADH
G3P converts into ……
pyruvates
In fermentation, what is needed in order to break things down?
Pyruvates
When does the fermentation cycle happen?
When you dont have O2
Where does the fermentation cycle happen?
in the cytoplasm
Fermentation produces what?
lactate/ alcohol/CO2
ADP is used to make …..
ATP
catabolism is….
breaking down (exergonic)
Poisonous ammonia
NH3 —- Urea
Anabolism is…..
gaining molecules (endergonic)
Deamination
NH2 is removed from the liver
anabolism has how many different amino acids?
20
11 amino acids out of 20
can be synthesized by adults
9 amino acids out of 20
cannot be synthesized by adults (essential ones)
