Chapter 8

Question 1

American System

Answer 1

The federal gov’t and states invested in improvements to address transporation in the large territory of the US, especially the Erie Canal and railroads

Question 2

Cotton Gin

Answer 2

A simple hand-cranked device designed to mechanically remove sticky green seeds from cotton.
Revolutionized cotton production, reducting the costs of production and making it economical.
- Solved the production bottleneck created as stickier vareties of cotton

Question 3

Waltham-Lowell System

Answer 3

Created the textile mill that defined antebellum New England and American industrialsm before the Civil War.

Question 4

“Mill Girls”

Answer 4

Tennagers to older women who lived in on-site dorms, working 80 hour weeks (5am to 8pm) for 12-14$ per month minus $5 boarding fee

Question 5

Working Class

Answer 5

Depended on waged labor, including more women and children working outside of the home
- Rising middle class = new forms of education and possibiltiies for consumption

Question 6

Coverture

Answer 6

The custom that counted married couples as a single unit represented by the husbamd.

Question 7

Antebellum/ “before the war”

Answer 7

The period in American history before the Civil War. Marked by economic, social, and political changes setting the conflict between the North and South, leading to the Civil War.

Question 8

Nativist

Answer 8

Sudden influx of immigration triggered a backlash among many native-born Anglo-Pretestant Americans
- Sought to limit European immigration and prevent Catholics from establishing churches and other instituitons

Question 9

Know-Nothing Party (The American Party)

Answer 9

Found success in local and state elections throughout the North
- Slowed European immigration due to reflecting widespread anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant sentiment

Question 10

Ten-Hour Movement

Answer 10

• Ten-hour workday across industries to improve immediate conditions of laborers
• Expode the hollowness of the paternalistic claims of employers and their rhetoric of moral superiority

Question 11

Factory Girls Association

Answer 11

An early labor organizastion formed by female textile workers in Lowell, Massachussets.
- Organized strikes

Question 12

Lowell Female Labor Reform Association

Answer 12

Organized petition drives that drew thousands of signatures from “mill girls” to seek for mental improvement
- - Organized this association in support of the ten-hour movement in the 1840’s

Question 13

Jeffersonian Democracy

Answer 13

Strength of the republic rested on the virtue and independence of its citizens
- Favored limited gov
- State’s rights
- Focus on agricultural and rural life as the backbone of society