chapter 8

Question 1

What were the events leading up to Muhammad’s urging to have Arabs give up pagan gods and worship the one true God?

Answer 1

When he was 40 years old, he heard the voice of angel Gabriel calling him to be the messenger of God. His wife encouraged him to accept the call, and he devoted his life to spreading Islam.

Question 2

Muhammad destroyed the idols housed in the __________. In so doing he rededicated it to __________, making it the holiest place in the newly founded monotheistic religion of Islam.

Answer 2

kaaba and allah

Question 3

What are the fundamental duties comprising the Pillars of Islam?

Answer 3

Make a declaration of faith- “There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger.
Pray Five Times Daily
Give Charity To the Poor
To fast from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan (month where Muhammad received his revelations from God)
To make the Hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca if a person is able

Question 4

4. Are men and women equal SPIRITUALLY under Islam? Is this the same as having equal rights?

Answer 4

Yes, they are equal spiritually. No, men and women had different roles and rights.

Question 5

What did Abu Bakr say to keep restless Muslims united after Muhammad’s death, allowing him to spread Islam among the remaining Arab tribes? (It has to do with worshipping someone.)

Answer 5

“If you worship Muhammad, Muhammad is dead. If you worship God, God is alive”.

Question 6

6. What are the differences between Sunni and Shiite (Shia) Muslims related to who should lead Islam?

Answer 6

Shiites believe that the true successors to Muhammad are the descendants of Ali and Muhammad’s daughter, Fatima. Sunnis felt that any good Muslim could lead the community.

Question 7

Remember the following order of events:

Answer 7

Muhammad dies, Abu Bakr unifies followers, Arab Muslims defeat Byzantines and Persians, Umayyad Caliphate established, Abbasid Caliphate established.

Question 8

The Islamic Empire grew steadily until it reached its height during the ____________ Caliphate, then declined in size.

Answer 8

umayyad

Question 9

Trade helped spread Islam across a wide area spanning several continents. BUT how was trade viewed by Muslim society? Did they respect merchants? Why did they have this view?

Answer 9

Merchants were honored in Muslim culture, in part because Muhammad had been a merchant.

Question 10

Where in Medieval Europe was religious tolerance allowed to result in the exchange of art, religion, important ideas through commerce among peoples of the three monotheistic Abrahamic faiths? What faith ruled over this particular region at the time?

Answer 10

Medieval Spain, Islam ruled over the area.

Question 11

What was “The Rubaiyat” by Omar Khayyam?

Answer 11

The Rubaiyat was a collection of four lined stanzas, Khayyam meditates on fate and the It is a collection of stanzas reflecting on fate and the fleeting nature and life. It has nothing to do with math or since.

Question 12

What Muslim empire saw the deepest EASTWARD expansion into Asia of Islamic rule? See map on page 303.

Answer 12

the safavid empire

Question 13

What are some of the major political effects of the Ottoman siege of Constantinople?

Answer 13

It marked the end of the Byzantine empire. They renamed the city to Istanbul and made it the center of the Ottaman Empire. It became the center for Muslim culture.

Question 14

Which geographical feature of NORTH Africa most likely presented a barrier to the Bantu migrations?

Answer 14

Arid, vast deserts. The Sahara Desert.

Question 15

Why was Nubia a strategically located center of wealth, trade, and commerce?

Answer 15

It was part of the 3 way trade triangle strategically located center of wealth, trade, and commerce.

Question 16

Masa Musa was a devoted man of faith and charity whose kingdom was rich in wealth and in culture. What evidence from his life backs this claim—what did he famously do?

Answer 16

He went on a grand pilgrimage to Mecca and was devoted to the faith, building many mosques and giving many bags of gold dust to the poor.

Question 17

The uneven distribution of natural resources promoted trade between the Sahara and other parts of West Africa. Often one pound of ________ was traded for one pound of _____.

Answer 17

salt and gold

Question 18

Control over WHAT caused the West African kingdom of Ghana to grow powerful, wealthy, and to incorporate Islamic values and ideas in its society and government? (see question 17).

Answer 18

control of the gold and salt trade routes

Question 19

Ocean travel on the Indian Ocean helped to connect different cultures, leading to greater understanding and tolerance of new traditions and ideas in East Africa. What famous 30-year voyage of the medieval era demonstrates this

Answer 19

Ibn Buttuta journey helped to connect different cultures and led to more tolerance of new traditions and ideas in Africa.

Question 20

In what two places in Eastern Africa did Christianity play a major cultural and political role?

Answer 20

axum and ethiopia

Question 21

Modern inhabitants of Zimbabwe honor their heritage by using the symbol of a _____ on their _____ to represent their nation.

Answer 21

bird figure and flag

Question 21

What makes the Swahili language a valid example supporting the conclusion that East Africa’s geographic proximity to the coast affected its culture?

Answer 21

Swahili blends aspects of Bantu and Arabic languages.

Question 22

Griots were a combination of advisors, historians, and entertainers charged with preserving rich oral traditions for future generations. What do oral traditions help to preserve?

Answer 22

History, culture, stories. Language and mostly everything from one generation to the next.

Question 23

What was a core social factor gave people a sense of community and shared responsibility in medieval African culture?

Answer 23

Extended Lineages GAVE PEOPLE A SENSE OF COMMUNITY AND SHARED RESPONSIBILITY IN MEDIEVAL African CULTURE. aN EXTENDED LINEAgES IS WHEN PEOPLE CAN TRACE THEIR HISTORY BACK TO A COMMON ANCESTOR, in some cases hundreds of years ago.

Question 24

What factor allowed the ancient kingdom of Ghana to become so successful?
The kingdom’s location is where the gold and salt trade routes were.

Answer 24

the kingdoms location is where the gold and salt trade routes were

Question 25

Evaluate/write the importance of the Quran to Muslims.

Answer 25

It’s their holy book that provides many things for their whole culture, Contains the word of God, outlining the moral, legal, and ethical framework for the daily life of Muslims. Talks about giving charity, going on pilgrimage, and praying daily, etc.

Question 25

Analyze the role the Quran played on Islamic art and architecture in the Muslim world.

Answer 25

It prohibited images and pictures from being displayed in mosques. They encouraged calligraphy (fancy writing) verses from the Quran.

Question 26

How did Islam affect the kingdoms of Mali and Songhai?

Answer 26

Great rulers of Both Kingdoms adopted Islam and incorporated it into its government and blues. Their leaders both went on a pilgrimage to Mecca. They both promoted learning and created the center of Islamic education. They created Islamic schools and attracted Muslim scholars. They both promoted trade which made them both rich. They both created mosques.

Question 27

Summarize traditional African religious beliefs that were unaffected by outside influences such as Islam or Christianity.

Answer 27

If you were not Islamic or Christian, you believed in many gods and believed in many gods and believed in the idea of one supreme being. However lesser spirits were closer to the people. They also worshiped their dead ancestors.