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Cognitive psychology > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is memory

A

the process involved in retaining, retrieving and using information about stimuli, images, events, ideas and skills after the original information is no longer present

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2
Q

What is autobiographical memory?

A

Memory for specific experiences from our life (includes episodic and semantic components)

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3
Q

What is multidimensional memory?

A

consists of spatial, emotional, and sensory components.

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4
Q

What did Greenberg and Rubin find out?

A

patients who had a loss of recognition of visual objects also lost autobiographical memory because there is no visual stimulus to serve as retrieval cues.

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5
Q

what was the cabeza study?

A

presented own photos and lab photos. own photos led to more activation in the prefrontal cortex. Experience associated with the photo

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6
Q

What does the emotional charge of autobiographical memory do to the brain?

A

activates the amygdala. Higher activity for emotional pictures.

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7
Q

Reminiscence bump: self image hypothesis

A

memory is enhanced for events where self image and identity is formed

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8
Q

reminiscence bump: cognitive hypothesis

A

periods of rapid change that are followed by stability cause stronger encoding of memories

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9
Q

reminiscence bump: cultural life script hypothesis

A

culturally expected events that occur at a particular time in someone’s life span

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10
Q

What was the impact of patient BP

A

no enhanced memory for emotional parts of stories.

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11
Q

What do hormones have to do with memory (cortisol)

A

Neutral and emotional pictures → ice water after pictures encoded emotional images more due to the release of cortisol.

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12
Q

what is weapon focus?

A

emotions impair memory. we focus on what is important so attention is dragged away from other things.

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13
Q

What is a flashbulb memory

A

memory of the experiences and context of a highly charged public event. The circumstances of how a person heard about the event.

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14
Q

what is repeated recall?

A

comparing later memories to memories collected immediately after the event.

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15
Q

what was the remember know experiment?

A

emotional pictures were remembered but not the color frame that was surrounding it

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16
Q

How does rehearsal influence flashbulb memories?

A

narrative rehearsal: rehearse the events after they occur. TV repeats it, making us believe we first heard it there

17
Q

what is the constructive nature of memory?

A

memories are constructed based on a number of sources.

18
Q

explain the war of the ghosts

A

read story, remember the story with different intervals, recall it. The story was changed and own culture influenced it.

19
Q

What is source monitoring?

A

determining the origins of our memories.

20
Q

what is source misattribution/ source monitoring error?

A

misremembers the origin or source of a memory. Confusing whether a memory was based on something experienced directly or something imagined.

21
Q

what is cryptoamnesia?

A

unconscious plagiarism of the work of others

22
Q

what is the famous overnight experiment?

A

participants were more likely to misidentify non-famous names as famous because they had recognised the names. (source misattribution)

23
Q

what are pragmatic inferences?

A

person expects something that was not explicitly stated (baby stayed up all night = baby cried)

24
Q

what is a schema

A

a person’s knowledge about some aspect of the environment.

25
Q

what does unexpectancy aid in?

A

memory

26
Q

what is a script?

A

the sequence of actions that occurs at a particular experience -> sets up expectations for what happens. predict what typically happens in routine activities.

27
Q

Misinformation effect

A

person’s memory for an event is modified by things happening after the event has occurred.

28
Q

what is the post-identification feedback effect?

A

increase in confidence due to confirming feedback after an identification

29
Q

solutions to poor eye-witness testimony

A

recognize problem exists, inform witness that perpetrator may not be there, have someone who doesn’t know who the suspect is be there.

30
Q

What are the sins if memory?

A

forgetting, transience, absent-mindedness, blocking, distortion, misattribution, suggestibility bias, persistence.

31
Q

The more liberal an observer is, the more hits and the more false alarms they will make.

A
32
Q

What is a liberal criterion?

A

minimizes missed detections but increases exposure to false alarms

33
Q

conservative criterion?

A

minimizes false alarms but increases exposure to missed detections

Cognitive psychology (5 decks)

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