Chapter 8

Question 1

Atrial rhythms

Answer 1

can have positive or negative QRS complexes depending on the lead being monitored

Question 2

WAP and MAT

Answer 2

heart rate - WAP less than 100; MAT greater than 100
regularity - irregular
P waves - at least 3 different shapes
causes - WAP - MI, vagal stimulation; MAT - COPD
effects - MAT - signs of decreased cardiac output
Treatment - MAT - beta blockers, calcium channel blockers

Question 3

PAC

Answer 3

heart rate - can occur at any rate
regularity - regular but interrupted by a premature beat
P waves - P waves may be hidden inside T waves
causes - stimulants, hypoxia, heart disease
treatment - oxygen, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, omit stimulant

Question 4

PAT

Answer 4

heart rate - 160-250
regularity - regular but interrupted
P waves - uniformed shaped
causes - stimulants, hypoxia, heart disease
effects - decreased cardiac output
treatment - digitalis, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, adenosine, oxygen, electrical cardioversion

Question 5

Atrial Flutter

Answer 5

heart rate - atrial rate 350-700
regularity - regular, irregular, regular but interrupted
causes - heart disease, pulmonary embolus, lung disease, heart valve disease
effects - decreased cardiac output
treatment - oxygen, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, adenosine, digitalis

Question 6

Atrial fibrillation

Answer 6

heart rate - atrial rate 350-700
regularity - irregularly irregular
causes - MI, lung disease, heart valve disease, hyperthyroidism
effects - decreased cardiac output, blood clots that cause strokes
treatment - adenosine, digitalis, ibutilide, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, oxygen, electrical cardioversion

Question 7

SVT

Answer 7

heart rate - 130-higher
regularity - regular
P waves - none
causes -stimulants, hypoxia, heart disease
effects - decreased cardiac output
treatment - adenosine, digitalis, ibutilide, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, oxygen, electrical cardioversion