Chapter 1

Question 1

The outermost layer of the heart

Answer 1

Epicardium - coronary arteries run along this layer

Question 2

The middle and thickest layer of the heart

Answer 2

Myocardium - made of pure muscle and does the work of contracting

Question 3

The thin innermost layer of the heart

Answer 3

Endocardium - the heart valves are formed here and the cardiac conduction system is found here

Question 4

Heart Chambers #1

Answer 4

Right Atrium - receiving chamber for deoxygenated blood

Question 5

Heart Chamber #2

Answer 5

Right Ventricle - pumps the blood to the lungs for a fresh supply of oxygen

Question 6

Heart Chamber #3

Answer 6

Left Atrium - receiving chamber for blood returning to the heart from the lungs

Question 7

Heart Chamber #4

Answer 7

Left Ventricle - pump blood out to the entire body

Question 8

Heart Valves - Semilunar Valves means separate a ventricle from an artery

Answer 8

Pulmonic Valve - located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
Aortic - located between the left ventricle and the aorta

Question 9

Heart Valves - Atrioventricular Valves

Answer 9

Tricuspid - located between the right atrium and ventricle
Mitral (bicuspid) - located between the left atrium and ventricle

Question 10

Great Vessels #1

Answer 10

Superior Vena cava - the larger vein that returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from upper chest

Question 11

Great Vessels #2

Answer 11

Inferior Vena cava - the larger vein that returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from lower chest

Question 12

Great Vessels #3

Answer 12

Pulmonary artery - large artery that takes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Question 13

Great Vessels #4

Answer 13

Pulmonary Veins - four larger veins that return the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Question 14

Great Vessels #5

Answer 14

Aorta - the largest artery in the body that takes oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation to feed all organs

Question 15

Blood flow through the heart

Answer 15

Superior/Inferior vena cava>right atrium>tricuspid valve>right ventricle>pulmonic valve>pulmonary artery>lungs>pulmonary veins>left atrium>mitral valve>left ventricle>aortic valve>aorta>body

Question 16

Cardiac Cycle

Answer 16

Mechanical events that occur to pump blood

Question 17

Cardiac Cycle- Diastole

Answer 17

ventricles relax and fill with blood

Question 18

Cardiac Cycle- Diastole 3 phases

Answer 18

Rapid filling - Atria full of blood, ventricles empty - blood rapidly fills ventricles
Diastasis - Pressure equalize between atria and ventricles -flow into ventricles slow
Atrial kick - atria contract to squeeze remainder of blood into the ventricles

Question 19

Cardiac Cycle- Systole

Answer 19

ventricles contract and expel blood

Question 20

Cardiac Cycle- Systole 4 phases

Answer 20

Isovolumetric contraction - ventricles contracting, no blood flow occurring
Ventricular ejection - valves open - blood pours out
Protodiastole - pressure equalize - blood flow slows
Isovolumetric Relaxation - ventricles relax - pulmonic and aortic valves close

Question 21

blood flow through the systemic circulation

Answer 21

aorta>arteries>arterioles>
capillaries>venules>veins>vena cava

Question 22

Coronary Arteries

Answer 22

Supply blood flow to myocardium

Question 23

3 coronary arteries

Answer 23

left anterior descending- provides blood flow to anterior wall of left ventricle
Circumflex - provides blood flow to lateral wall of left ventricle
Right coronary artery - provides blood flow to right ventricle and inferior wall of left ventricle

Question 24

Heart Cell - Contractile cells

Answer 24

cause the heart to contract, resulting in a heartbeat

Question 25

Heart cell - Conduction system cells

Answer 25

create and conduct electrical impulses to tell the heart when to beat

Question 26

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 26

Mediated by hormone norepinephrine - causes fight-or- flight response - speeds up heart rate, increases blood pressure

Question 27

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 27

mediated by acetylcholine - causes rest-and-digest response. slows heart rate, lowers blood pressure