Chapter 8 Flashcards
Syntax(syntactic structure)
(The analysis of) the structure of phrases and sentences
Generative grammar
A set of rules defining the possible sentences in a language
Deep structure
The underlying structure of sentences as represented by phrase structure rules
Structural ambiguity
A situation in which a single phrase or sentence has two (or more) different underlying structures and interpretations
surface structure
the structure of individual sentences after the application of movement rules to deep structure
tree diagram
a diagram with branches showing the hierarchical organization of structures
phrase structure rules
rules stating that the structure of a phrase of a specific type consists of one or more constituents in a particular order
prepositional phrase (PP)
a phrase such as with a dog, consisting of a preposition plus a noun phrase
lexical rules
rules stating which words can be used for constituents generated by phrase structure rules
auxiliary verb (Aux)
a verb such as will used with another verb
movement rules
rules that are used to move constituents in structures derived from phrase structure rules. They have a special rewrite arrow
complementizer (C )
word such as that introducing a complement phrase
complement phrase (CP)
a structure such as that Mary
helped George used to complete a construction beginning with a structure such as Cathy knew
