chapter 8

Question 1

buffers

Answer 1

compounds or mixtures of compounds in a solution that can resist changes to pH upon the addition of small quantities of acids or alkali

Question 2

dissociation constant of weak acids and its salt (buffer equation)

Answer 2

Ka = 1.75 x 10^-5

Question 3

henderson-hasselbalch equation for acids (buffer equation)

Answer 3

pH = pKa + log (salt/acid)

Question 4

mole %

Answer 4

{salt/ (salt +acid)} x 100%

Question 5

buffer dissociation concentration for base

Answer 5

[OH-] = Kb (salt/acid)

Question 6

henderson- hasselbalch equation for base (buffer equation)

Answer 6

pH = pKw - pKb + log (base/salt)

Question 7

buffer capacity

Answer 7

magnitude of the resistance of a buffer to pH changes

B = 2.3C x (Ka [H3O+]/{Ka + [H3O+]}^2)

Question 8

buffer capacity

Answer 8

depends on the values of the ratio between salt/acid

maximum buffer capacity occurs where pH = pKa

Question 9

Bmax is

Answer 9

0.576C

Question 10

in vivo biologic buffer systems

Answer 10

-blood
-lacrimal fluid (tears)

there’s also urine but it isn’t in vivo

Question 11

Pharmaceutical buffers

Answer 11

parenteral solutions

ophthalmic solutions

Question 12

isotonic

Answer 12

0.9% of NaCl

Question 13

hypertonic

Answer 13

2% of NaCl

crenation/shriveling of red blood cells

Question 14

hypotonic

Answer 14

0.2% NaCl

hemolysis/swelling of red blood cells

Question 15

methods to adjusting tonicity

Answer 15

class I methods
-eryoscopic method
-sodium chloride equivalent method

class II methods
- White-vincent methods
- sprowls method

Question 16

V value in the white-vincent method is

Answer 16

however many mL in 0.3g of drug

Question 17

E value is

Answer 17

how much sodium chloride in 1g of drug