chapter 7

Question 1

acid

Answer 1

a substance that’s charged or uncharges and capable of donating a proton

liberates hydrogen ions

[H3O]

Question 2

base

Answer 2

a substance thats charged or uncharged and capable of accepting a proton from an acid

supplies hydroxyl ions

[OH]

Question 3

strong acid

Answer 3

high tendencies to give up protons; example: hydrochloric acid in water

Question 4

weak acid

Answer 4

low tendencies to give up protons; example: acetic acid in water

Question 5

solvent

Answer 5

Protophilic (basic) solvent: capable of accepting protons from the solute

protogenic solvent: represented by acids and proton-donating compound

Question 6

lewis electronic theory

Answer 6

acid: molecule or ion accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond

base: substance provides the pair of unshared electrons by which the base coordinates with an acid

Question 7

equilibrium

Answer 7

a balance between two opposing forces or actions

Question 8

water can be an acid or base

Answer 8

depending on what is put inside

Question 9

dissociation constant of acids

Answer 9

Ka = x^2/ C-x

Question 10

dissociation concentration of acids

Answer 10

[H3O+] = √KaC (used for hydrogen ion concentration of a weak acid)

Question 11

dissociation concentration of bases

Answer 11

[OH-] = √KbC (used for the hydroxyl ion concentration of a weak base)

Question 12

dissociation constant of bases

Answer 12

Kb = x^2/ C - x

Question 13

dissocation constant and concentration of water

Answer 13

Kw = 1 x 10^-14 at 25 degrees C (not completely sure)

Question 14

relationship between Ka and Kb

Answer 14

Kb = Kw/Ka

Ka = Kw/Kb

Question 15

Kw is always

Answer 15

1 x 10^-14 at 25 degrees C

Question 16

ampholyte

Answer 16

a species that can function as either as acids or bases

ex. glycine hydrochloride in water

Question 17

sorensen’s pH scale

Answer 17

common logarithm of reciprocal of the hydrogen ion concentration

pH = -log [H30 +] (used for pH scale)

Question 18

pK

Answer 18

dissociation exponent

Question 19

pK and pOH

Answer 19

pH + pOH = pKw (used for pH scale)

pKa + pKb = pKw

Question 20

pKw

Answer 20

is always 14