Chapter 8

Question 1

refers to the principle in photography that explains how the latent image in the exposed film is converted into a negative image (visible image)

Answer 1

Theory of film development

Question 2

This is done by simply soaking the film in water for 2 to 3 minutes while agitating the water container for
every 20 seconds.

Answer 2

Pre development water rinse

Question 3

Converting the exposed image on the film into actual image.

It enables the invisible image to form.

This is performed by soaking the film in the Developer (developing solution).

Answer 3

Developing (60 seconds)

Question 4

The removal of the traces of the developer as well as it helps in the removal of excess or undeveloped silver halides.

This process stops development by neutralizing the effects of the developer.

Answer 4

Stop bath - Rinse bath (10 seconds)

Question 5

Even after developing, the image is still invisible because the silver halides are still present in the emulsion.

It is required to loosen the silver halides from the unexposed halides so they can be washed away.

This stage also removes the unexposed and undeveloped halides by converting them to soluble salts

Answer 5

Fixing bath (30 seconds)

Question 6

This is the final part of the processing cycle, which removes the residual chemicals and soluble silver compounds from the emulsion and reveals the image.

Answer 6

Washing (60 seconds)

Question 7

The most important chemical in any developing agent.

It is the one that reduces the exposed halides into visible metallic silver.

Answer 7

Reducing agent

Question 8

The purposes of it is to energize the reducing agents and they soften and swell the emulsion to permit the developer to penetrate deeply and quickly.

Answer 8

Accelerators

Question 9

It prevents stain and makes the developing solution more stable and long lasting.

Answer 9

Preservative

Question 10

The commonly used preservative.

Answer 10

Sodium Sulfite

Question 11

This chemical restrains the action of the exposed areas of the film and permits control of density and contrast.

Answer 11

Restrainer

Question 12

This refers to the removal of the unexposed halides which has the effect of making the developed image permanent.

It is accomplished by treating the film in a chemical that makes the unexposed halides soluble in water so they may be washed out of the emulsion.

Answer 12

Fixing chemicals

Question 13

This refers to fixing chemicals that is used to neutralize the developer.

Answer 13

Acetic acid

Question 14

This refers to fixing chemical that is added to acetic acid to neutralize the developer but causes the hypo to
break down, liberating sulfur.

Answer 14

Sodium sulfate

Question 15

This refers to fixing chemicals that is added to the fixing bath because it has the ability to toughen or harden
the emulsion.

Answer 15

Potassium alum

Question 16

This refers to the fixing chemical that is added to slow the action and prolong the usefulness of the bath.

Answer 16

Boric acid

Question 17

This refers to the emulsion side of the negative that is exposed in contact with the emulsion of the sensitized paper, producing a print image of the same size as that of the negative.

Answer 17

Contact printing

Question 18

This refers to the image in the negative that may be enlarged or reduced.

Answer 18

Projection printing

Question 19

This refers to fixing chemical commonly called “hypo”, it is one which dissolves the unexposed silver halides.

Answer 19

Sodium thiosulfate