Chapter 8 Flashcards
Provide the balanced equation for cellular respiration. Indicate which parts are reduction and which parts are oxidation.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
How efficient is cellular respiration?
39%
Show the oxidized form and reduced form of NAD and FAD.
NADH FADH2
What are NADH and FADH2 used for? Where are they produced?
carry hydrogens and electrons to the ETC, produced in the citric acid cycle
Describe the structure of a mitochondria. Label all of the parts?
Double membranes - an outer membrane and a cristae or inner membrane
Intermembrane space - the space between the membranes
Matrix - the innermost part of the mitochondria
Cristae - Folds of the inner membrane
What part of cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria?
The citric acid cycle
What are the four parts of cellular respiration in a eukaryotic cell? In one sentence for each, explain the function of each part.
-glycolysis: the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid
-preparatory reaction: pyruvate oxidation
-Citric acid cycle: release stored energy
-oxidative phosphorylation through the electron transport chain.
Which parts of cellular respiration are anaerobic? Which parts are aerobic?
glycolysis and fermentation are anaerobic.
citric acid cycle and electron transport chain are aerobic.
Is oxygen required for Glycolysis? Preparatory reactions? Citric Acid Cycle? Electron Transport?
just electron transport
Is CO2 produced during Glycolysis? Preparatory reactions? Citric Acid Cycle? Electron Transport?
produced during preparatory reactions, citric acid cycle, and electron transport
What is the end product of Glycolysis? Preparatory reactions? Citric Acid Cycle? Electron Transport?
glycolysis: pyruvate
preparatory: two acetyl-CoA molecules and two carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules.
CAC: ATP, NADH, FADH2, 2 CO2
ET: H2O ATP
How many ATP are produced during Glycolysis? Preparatory reactions? Citric Acid Cycle? Electron Transport?
glycolysis: 4 ATP
preparatory: 2 ATP
CAC: 2 ATP
ET: 34 ATP
How many ATP are used during Glycolysis? Preparatory reactions? Citric Acid Cycle? Electron Transport?
glycolysis: 2 ATP
preparatory: 2 ATP
CAC: 0 ATP
ET: 0 ATP
How many NADH and FADH2 are produced during Glycolysis? Preparatory reactions? Citric Acid Cycle? Electron Transport?
glycolysis: 2 NADH 0 FADH2
preparatory: 2 NADH 0 FADH2
CAC: 6 NADH 2 FADH2
ET: 0 NADH 0 FADH2
What is the eventual fate of NADH and FADH2 during cellular respiration?
they will eventually become 34 ATP
Where in a cell does Glycolysis occur? Preparatory reactions? Citric Acid Cycle? Electron Transport?
glycolysis: cytoplasm
preparatory: mitochondria
CAC: matrix of mitochondria
ET: inner membrane of mitochondria
How many carbons are found in molecules of glucose, 3PG, Pyruvate, and Acetyl CoA?
glucose: 6 carbons
3PG: 3 carbons
pyruvate: 3 carbons
acetyl CoA: 2 carbons
How many times does Glycolysis, Preparatory reactions, Citric Acid Cycle and Electron Transport occur for each molecule of glucose?
glycolysis: twice
preparatory:
CAC: twice
ET:
What part of cellular respiration is responsible for converting NADH and FADH2 to ATP? What is this process called? How does if work?
the electron transport chain
What is the role of O2 during cellular respiration? What is the ultimate fate of O2 during cellular respiration?
oxygen is the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain in the final step of cellular respiration
they are used to make water molecules
Show an ATP budget for cellular respiration.
38 made, 2 lost, 36 total
What is chemiosmosis? How does it work?
the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient
Show an NADH and FADH2 budget for cellular respiration.
10 NADH total, 2 FADH2 total
Explain why cellular respiration is only 39% efficient.
the remaining 61% is lost as heat and helps to generate your relatively high body temperature.
