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Biology 130 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Provide the balanced equation for cellular respiration. Indicate which parts are reduction and which parts are oxidation.

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

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2
Q

How efficient is cellular respiration?

A

39%

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3
Q

Show the oxidized form and reduced form of NAD and FAD.

A

NADH FADH2

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4
Q

What are NADH and FADH2 used for? Where are they produced?

A

carry hydrogens and electrons to the ETC, produced in the citric acid cycle

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5
Q

Describe the structure of a mitochondria. Label all of the parts?

A

Double membranes - an outer membrane and a cristae or inner membrane
Intermembrane space - the space between the membranes
Matrix - the innermost part of the mitochondria
Cristae - Folds of the inner membrane

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6
Q

What part of cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria?

A

The citric acid cycle

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7
Q

What are the four parts of cellular respiration in a eukaryotic cell? In one sentence for each, explain the function of each part.

A

-glycolysis: the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid
-preparatory reaction: pyruvate oxidation
-Citric acid cycle: release stored energy
-oxidative phosphorylation through the electron transport chain.

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8
Q

Which parts of cellular respiration are anaerobic? Which parts are aerobic?

A

glycolysis and fermentation are anaerobic.
citric acid cycle and electron transport chain are aerobic.

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9
Q

Is oxygen required for Glycolysis? Preparatory reactions? Citric Acid Cycle? Electron Transport?

A

just electron transport

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10
Q

Is CO2 produced during Glycolysis? Preparatory reactions? Citric Acid Cycle? Electron Transport?

A

produced during preparatory reactions, citric acid cycle, and electron transport

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11
Q

What is the end product of Glycolysis? Preparatory reactions? Citric Acid Cycle? Electron Transport?

A

glycolysis: pyruvate

preparatory: two acetyl-CoA molecules and two carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules.

CAC: ATP, NADH, FADH2, 2 CO2

ET: H2O ATP

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12
Q

How many ATP are produced during Glycolysis? Preparatory reactions? Citric Acid Cycle? Electron Transport?

A

glycolysis: 4 ATP

preparatory: 2 ATP

CAC: 2 ATP

ET: 34 ATP

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13
Q

How many ATP are used during Glycolysis? Preparatory reactions? Citric Acid Cycle? Electron Transport?

A

glycolysis: 2 ATP

preparatory: 2 ATP

CAC: 0 ATP

ET: 0 ATP

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14
Q

How many NADH and FADH2 are produced during Glycolysis? Preparatory reactions? Citric Acid Cycle? Electron Transport?

A

glycolysis: 2 NADH 0 FADH2

preparatory: 2 NADH 0 FADH2

CAC: 6 NADH 2 FADH2

ET: 0 NADH 0 FADH2

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15
Q

What is the eventual fate of NADH and FADH2 during cellular respiration?

A

they will eventually become 34 ATP

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16
Q

Where in a cell does Glycolysis occur? Preparatory reactions? Citric Acid Cycle? Electron Transport?

A

glycolysis: cytoplasm

preparatory: mitochondria

CAC: matrix of mitochondria

ET: inner membrane of mitochondria

17
Q

How many carbons are found in molecules of glucose, 3PG, Pyruvate, and Acetyl CoA?

A

glucose: 6 carbons

3PG: 3 carbons

pyruvate: 3 carbons

acetyl CoA: 2 carbons

18
Q

How many times does Glycolysis, Preparatory reactions, Citric Acid Cycle and Electron Transport occur for each molecule of glucose?

A

glycolysis: twice

preparatory:

CAC: twice

ET:

19
Q

What part of cellular respiration is responsible for converting NADH and FADH2 to ATP? What is this process called? How does if work?

A

the electron transport chain

20
Q

What is the role of O2 during cellular respiration? What is the ultimate fate of O2 during cellular respiration?

A

oxygen is the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain in the final step of cellular respiration

they are used to make water molecules

21
Q

Show an ATP budget for cellular respiration.

A

38 made, 2 lost, 36 total

22
Q

What is chemiosmosis? How does it work?

A

the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient

23
Q

Show an NADH and FADH2 budget for cellular respiration.

A

10 NADH total, 2 FADH2 total

24
Q

Explain why cellular respiration is only 39% efficient.

A

the remaining 61% is lost as heat and helps to generate your relatively high body temperature.

25
Q

How does fermentation differ from Cellular Respiration found in animal cells?

A

cellular respiration, results in the complete oxidation of glucose into CO2 and water. Fermentation, on the other hand, does not fully oxidize glucose.

26
Q

How does cellular respiration in prokaryotic cells differ from cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

A

in eukaryotes, most cellular respiration reactions take place within the mitochondria. In prokaryotes, they occur in the cytoplasm and/or within the cell membrane.

27
Q

Define the terms exergonic, endergonic, catabolism, and anabolism.

A

exergonic: a metabolic or chemical process accompanied by the release of energy.

endergonic: reaction that acquires energy

catabolism: breaking down molecules

anabolism: building up molecules

28
Q

What is the relationship between catabolism and cellular respiration?

A

in catabolic reactions, bonds are broken in larger molecules and energy is released. In cellular respiration, bonds are broken in glucose, and this releases the chemical energy that was stored in the glucose bonds.

29
Q

What is the relationship between anabolism and cellular respiration?

A

cellular respiration makes broken down molecules which are used to make atoms in anabolism

30
Q

How many different kinds of Amino Acids are found in living things? How many are essential to animals?

A

living: 20 amino acids

animals: 20 amino acids

Biology 130 (3 decks)

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