chapter 8

Question 1

context of development

Answer 1

a method that helps analysts to better understand how a system fits within existing business actives and data

Question 2

anxious-avoidant attachment

Answer 2

a bond between an infant and his or her parent or caregiver in which the infant is repeatedly rejected and develops an isolated lifestyle that does not depend on the support and care of others.

Question 3

anxious-resistant attachment

Answer 3

a form of insecure attachment where the child remains close to mother and remains distressed despite her attempts to comfort

Question 4

securely attached attachment

Answer 4

children are not threatened by stranger

Question 5

prenatal period

Answer 5

conception to birth & vital to child’s development

Question 6

assimilation

Answer 6

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Question 7

maturation

Answer 7

process by which abilities develop through genetically based development with limited influence from the environment

Question 8

accommodation (Piaget)

Answer 8

adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

Question 9

schemes

Answer 9

in Piaget’s theory, actions or mental representations that organize knowledge

Question 10

Piaget theory of cognitive development

Answer 10

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Question 11

authoritative parenting style

Answer 11

parents give children reasonable demands and consistent limits, express warmth and affection, and listen to the child’s point of view

Question 12

uninvolved parenting style

Answer 12

parents are indifferent, uninvolved, and sometimes referred to as neglectful; they don’t respond to the child’s needs and make relatively few demands

Question 13

authoritarian parenting style

Answer 13

parents place a high value on conformity and obedience, are often rigid, and express little warmth to the child

Question 14

permissive parenting style

Answer 14

accepting and lax with few demands; little monitoring; few controls. Preschoolers were impulsive, aggressive, bossy self centered, low in independence and achievement

Question 15

chronosystem (Bronfenbrenner)

Answer 15

the patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course, as well as socio-historical circumstances

Question 16

macrosystem (Bronfenbrenner)

Answer 16

culture in which individuals live

Question 17

exosystem (Bronfenbrenner)

Answer 17

links between a social setting in which the individual does NOT have an active role and the individual’s immediate context

Question 18

mesosystem (Bronfenbrenner)

Answer 18

relations between microsystems or connections between contexts

Question 19

microsystem (Bronfenbrenner)

Answer 19

child’s immediate setting: family, daycare center, school

Question 20

Bronfenbrenner ecological theory

Answer 20

childrens development within context of relationships that form in their environment.

Question 21

sources of meaning

Answer 21

indicate what is important, what is to be valued, and what is to be lived for

Question 22

role preparation

Answer 22

for roles in work, gender, and institutions such as marriage, parenthood

Question 23

self regulation

Answer 23

ability to comply to social norms

Question 24

goals of socialization

Answer 24

self regulation, role preparation, sources of meaning

Question 25

Moral Development (Kohlberg)

Answer 25

Preconventional: young children focus on how their actions will effect themselves
Conventional: Base decision on how others will view them, follow standards
Post conventional: Moral reasoning for the good of society, uphold justice
Criticisms: assumes boys and girls react the same, bias toward Western culture