chapter 3

Question 1

goals of cross-cultural psychology

Answer 1

describe, explain, predict

Question 2

application-oriented strategy

Answer 2

examining aspects of one culture and comparing to another

Question 3

comparatist strategy

Answer 3

collecting from two more people from different cultures

Question 4

average

Answer 4

mean

Question 5

operationalism

Answer 5

representing constructs by a specific set of operations

Question 6

bidirectional causation

Answer 6

a mutual, reciprocal relationship between two variables wherein each is both a cause and effect of the other

Question 7

social desirability bias

Answer 7

the tendency to respond to questions in a socially desirable manner

Question 8

meta-analysis

Answer 8

a procedure for statistically combing the results from multiple studies

Question 9

quanitative research

Answer 9

numerical

Question 10

qualitative research

Answer 10

not involving numbers

Question 11

surveys

Answer 11

research in which a representative sample of people are asked (often anonymously) questions about their attitudes or behavior

Question 12

correlation

Answer 12

the relationship between variables (based on absolute value)

Question 13

multiple causation

Answer 13

the belief that one thing occurs as a result of multiple factors

Question 14

naturalistic observation

Answer 14

observing and recording behavior in natural settings

Question 15

laboratory observation

Answer 15

observing and recording behavior in a lab

Question 16

focus group

Answer 16

a small group of individuals who are led in discussion by a professional consultant in order to gather opinions on and responses to candidates and issues

Question 17

test translation

Answer 17

a process of reducing cultural bias in testing by translating test items into the language spoken by examinees