Chapter 7A Thomas Goodroe

Question 1

2. Storage

Answer 1

The retention of encoded information over time

Question 2

3. Retrieval

Answer 2

The process of getting info out of memory storage

Question 3

4. Sensory memory

Answer 3

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

Question 4

5. Short-term memory

Answer 4

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten.

Question 5

6. Long-term memory

Answer 5

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.

Question 6

7. Working memory

Answer 6

A newer understanding of short term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual spatial information, and of info retrieved from long term memory

Question 7

8. Parallel processing

Answer 7

The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brains natural mode of information processing for many functions. Contrast with step-by-step processing of most computers and of conscious problem-solving

Question 8

9. Automatic processing

Answer 8

Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and well learned information, such as word meanings

Question 9

10. Effortful processing

Answer 9

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.

Question 10

11. Rehearsal

Answer 10

The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage

Question 11

12. Spacing effect

Answer 11

The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention then is achieved a massed study or practice

Question 12

13. Serial position effect

Answer 12

Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list

Question 13

14. Visual encoding

Answer 13

Encoding of picture images

Question 14

15. Acoustic encoding

Answer 14

The encoding of sound, especially sound of words

Question 15

16. Semantic encoding

Answer 15

The encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words

Question 16

17. Imagery

Answer 16

Mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding

Question 17

18. Mnemonics

Answer 17

Memory aids, especially for those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices.

Question 18

19. Chunking

Answer 18

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically.

Question 19

20. Iconic memory

Answer 19

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second.

Question 20

21. Echoic memory

Answer 20

A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; attention is elsewhere, sounds in words can still be recalled within three or four seconds

Question 21

22. Long – term potentiation

Answer 21

An increase in synapses firing potential after brief, rapid simulation. Believe to be a neural basis for learning and memory.

Question 22

23. Flashbulb memory

Answer 22

Clear memory of emotional significant moment or event.

Question 23

24. Amnesia

Answer 23

The loss of memory.

Question 24

25. Implicit memory

Answer 24

Retension independent of conscious recollection

Question 25

26. Explicit memory

Answer 25

Memory and facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare.

Question 26

27. Hippocampus

Answer 26

A neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage.

Question 27

28. Recall

Answer 27

A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill in the blank test

Question 28

29. Recognition

Answer 28

Measure of memory in which a person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test

Question 29

29. Relearning

Answer 29

A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time

Question 30

30. Priming

Answer 30

The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory

Question 31

31. Deja vu

Answer 31

Eerie sense that I’ve experienced this before. Cues from the current situation make subconsciously chickie retrieval of an earlier experience.

Question 32

32. Mood congruent memory

Answer 32

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood

Question 33

33. Proactive interference

Answer 33

The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.

Question 34

34. Retroactive interference

Answer 34

The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information

Question 35

35. Repression

Answer 35

Psycho analytic theory, the basic defense mechanism in that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

Question 36

36. Misinformation effect

Answer 36

Incorporating missed leaving information into one’s memory of an event

Question 37

37. Source amnesia

Answer 37

Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, right about, or imagined. Source amnesia, along with this information at that, is at the heart of many false memories

Question 38

1. Encoding

Answer 38

The processing of information into the memory system-for example, by extracting meaning