Chapter 7A Flashcards

1
Q

Amnesia

A

Loss of memory

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2
Q

Flashbulb memory

A

Clear memory of an emotionally important event

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3
Q

Memory

A

Persistent learning over time through storage and retrieval

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4
Q

Encoding

A

Processing of info into memory—–>extracting a meaning

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5
Q

Storage

A

Retention of info over time

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6
Q

Retrieval

A

Retrieving memory from storage

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7
Q

Sensory memory

A

Brief/immediate recording of sensory information

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8
Q

Short-term memory

A

Activated memory; hold a few pieces of info for a brief time (either stored or forgotten)

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9
Q

Long-term memory

A

Relatively permanent/limitless storage of memory (knowledge,skills, experiences)

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10
Q

Working memory

A

Newer understanding of short-term memory; conscious active processing of sensory info/ info retrieved from long-term memory

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11
Q

Parallel processing

A

Multitasked processing of info

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12
Q

Automatic processing

A

Unconscious encoding of incidental info

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13
Q

Effortful processing

A

Encoding requiring effort

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14
Q

Rehearsal

A

Conscious repetition of info to maintain in consciousness or memory

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15
Q

Spacing effect

A

Distributing practice=better encoded in long-term memory

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16
Q

Serial position effect

A

Tendency to best recall 1st/last items on a list

17
Q

Visual encoding

A

Encoding of images

18
Q

Acoustic encoding

A

Encoding of a sound (ex. 1 letter) or group of sounds (ex. A word)

19
Q

Semantic encoding

A

Encoding an item/word’s meaning

20
Q

Imagery

A

Metal image; powerful memory tool (esp. when combined w/ semantic encoding)

21
Q

Mnemonics

A

Memory aids; often techniques in include imagery and organization

22
Q

Chunking

A

Memorizing information in units

23
Q

Iconic memory

A

Momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli

24
Q

Echoic memory

A

Monetary sensory memory of auditory stimuli

25
Long-term potentiation
LTP; an increase in synapse's firing potential after brief stimulation, believed to be neural basis for memory/learning
26
Implicit memory
Nondeclarative/procedural; retention independent conscious recollection
27
Explicit memory
Declarative; memory of fact/events that one consciously knows
28
Hippocampus
Neural enter located in the limbo system, helps process explicit memories for storage
29
Recall
A measure of memory based ability to retrieve info from storage
30
Recognition
Ability to identify something you've learned
31
Relearning
The difference b/t the first and second time info is learned
32
Priming
Activation (often unconscious) of particular associations in memory
33
Déjà vu
Cues from situations that trigger retrieval of earlier experience
34
Mood-congruent memory
Tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with good/bad memories
35
Proactive inference
Disruptive effect of prior learning when recalling new info
36
Retroactive inference
Disruptive effect of new learning on recall of old info
37
Repression
Psychoanalysis theory; basic defense mechanism, repression of negative or triggering memories, thoughts, or feelings
38
Source amnesia
Source misattribution; attributing a wrong source to an event Source attribution+misinformation effect= creation of false memories
39
Misinformation effect
Incorporating misleading information----> memory