Chapter 7A

Question 1

Amnesia

Answer 1

Loss of memory

Question 2

Flashbulb memory

Answer 2

Clear memory of an emotionally important event

Question 3

Memory

Answer 3

Persistent learning over time through storage and retrieval

Question 4

Encoding

Answer 4

Processing of info into memory—–>extracting a meaning

Question 5

Storage

Answer 5

Retention of info over time

Question 6

Retrieval

Answer 6

Retrieving memory from storage

Question 7

Sensory memory

Answer 7

Brief/immediate recording of sensory information

Question 8

Short-term memory

Answer 8

Activated memory; hold a few pieces of info for a brief time (either stored or forgotten)

Question 9

Long-term memory

Answer 9

Relatively permanent/limitless storage of memory (knowledge,skills, experiences)

Question 10

Working memory

Answer 10

Newer understanding of short-term memory; conscious active processing of sensory info/ info retrieved from long-term memory

Question 11

Parallel processing

Answer 11

Multitasked processing of info

Question 12

Automatic processing

Answer 12

Unconscious encoding of incidental info

Question 13

Effortful processing

Answer 13

Encoding requiring effort

Question 14

Rehearsal

Answer 14

Conscious repetition of info to maintain in consciousness or memory

Question 15

Spacing effect

Answer 15

Distributing practice=better encoded in long-term memory

Question 16

Serial position effect

Answer 16

Tendency to best recall 1st/last items on a list

Question 17

Visual encoding

Answer 17

Encoding of images

Question 18

Acoustic encoding

Answer 18

Encoding of a sound (ex. 1 letter) or group of sounds (ex. A word)

Question 19

Semantic encoding

Answer 19

Encoding an item/word’s meaning

Question 20

Imagery

Answer 20

Metal image; powerful memory tool (esp. when combined w/ semantic encoding)

Question 21

Mnemonics

Answer 21

Memory aids; often techniques in include imagery and organization

Question 22

Chunking

Answer 22

Memorizing information in units

Question 23

Iconic memory

Answer 23

Momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli

Question 24

Echoic memory

Answer 24

Monetary sensory memory of auditory stimuli

Question 25

Long-term potentiation

Answer 25

LTP; an increase in synapse’s firing potential after brief stimulation, believed to be neural basis for memory/learning

Question 26

Implicit memory

Answer 26

Nondeclarative/procedural; retention independent conscious recollection

Question 27

Explicit memory

Answer 27

Declarative; memory of fact/events that one consciously knows

Question 28

Hippocampus

Answer 28

Neural enter located in the limbo system, helps process explicit memories for storage

Question 29

Recall

Answer 29

A measure of memory based ability to retrieve info from storage

Question 30

Recognition

Answer 30

Ability to identify something you’ve learned

Question 31

Relearning

Answer 31

The difference b/t the first and second time info is learned

Question 32

Priming

Answer 32

Activation (often unconscious) of particular associations in memory

Question 33

Déjà vu

Answer 33

Cues from situations that trigger retrieval of earlier experience

Question 34

Mood-congruent memory

Answer 34

Tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with good/bad memories

Question 35

Proactive inference

Answer 35

Disruptive effect of prior learning when recalling new info

Question 36

Retroactive inference

Answer 36

Disruptive effect of new learning on recall of old info

Question 37

Repression

Answer 37

Psychoanalysis theory; basic defense mechanism, repression of negative or triggering memories, thoughts, or feelings

Question 38

Source amnesia

Answer 38

Source misattribution; attributing a wrong source to an event

Source attribution+misinformation effect= creation of false memories

Question 39

Misinformation effect

Answer 39

Incorporating misleading information—-> memory