Chapter 7.5 - Proteins Flashcards
7.5.1.1 - What are the four protein structures
Primary Structure
Secondary Structure
Tertiary Structure
Quaternary Structure
7.5.1.2 - What is the function of the Primary Structure?
The Primary Structure is the basic order of amino acids in the polypeptide protein chain, before any any folding or bonding between amino acids has occurred.
Proteins are not functional on the Primary Structure.
All Proteins have a Primary Structure
7.5.1.3 - What is the function of the Secondary Structure?
This is the regular structure protein chain (the Primary Structure) over and over due to bonding between amino acids.
It is in the form of an alpha helix (similar to a DNA chromosome) or a beta pleated sheet.
7.5.1.4 - What is the function of the Tertiary Structure?
This is the complex 3D structure. The alpha helix and beta sheets are added together by either being hydrophobic or hydrophilic to become a pepetide chain.
All sorts of different proteins with different characteristics, like being a linkage or being positive or negative charged
7.5.1.5 - What is the function of the Quaternary Structure?
This Structure is made out of one or more pepetide chains that link together and work together. The more pepetide chains connect the more complex becomes a protein. This is the functional form of many proteins.
7.5.2.1 - What are fibrous proteins?
Fibrous Proteins are in their Secondary Structure, which could be an alpha helix or a beta sheet. They are made out of the same amino acid chain rapping itself around itself over and over, making it a very strong structure. Three examples are hair, skin and bones. They are insoluble in water.
7.5.2.2 - What are Globular Proteins?
Globular Proteins are in their tertiary or Quaternary structure which makes than a complex three dimensional structure. An example of Globular proteins are enzymes. They are more soluble in water than fibrous proteins.
7.5.3 - Explain the significance of polar and non-polar amino acids.
Polar amino acids will be on the outside of a structure while creating one, while the non-polar will collect in the centre. Therefore the solubility (of the polar amino acids) will raise in water.
7.5.4.1 -State the function of enzymes
Enzymes are all globular proteins.
They catalyse reactions, that is, speed up reactions.
Amylase converts starch into maltose.
7.5.4.2 - State the function of hormones
Some hormones are proteins.
These are chemical messengers carried in the blood.
Like Insulin.
7.5.4.3 - State the function of Structural Proteins
Are bond secondary proteins that create the most structural parts of our body like skin, hair, muscle or bones.
7.5.4.4 - State the function of Transport Proteins
Some Proteins are used for transport. An example is hemoglobin, which transports oxygen around the body within a red blood cell.
