Chapter 7 Vocab Flashcards

Memory Systems

1
Q

Underwent surgery to treat unremitting seizures.
- Medial temporal lobectomy, which includes the hippocampus – a major seat of memory function
- Left surgery with anterograde amnesia

A

Patient H.M.

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2
Q

The inability to
learn new information despite retaining old memories

A

Anterograde amnesia

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3
Q

Can learn new information but cannot recall information acquired
prior to their brain damage

A

Retrograde amnesia

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4
Q

Also known as declarative or conscious memory, is the
ability to consciously remember and report facts, events, and
associations

A

Explicit memory

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5
Q

Allows people to recall past experiences, single events in specific places at specific times: what, where, and when something happened

A

Episodic memory

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6
Q

Involves facts and knowledge that—as a form of explicit, or declarative, memory—can be stated or recounted.
- The learning of such information accumulates over time across repeated occasions.

A

Semantic memory

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7
Q

Degenerative disease, associated with amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
- Earliest symptoms include loss
of episodic memory
- Semantic memory impairment
comes later

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

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8
Q

Tests the difference
between familiarity and recollection

A

Remember/know procedure

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9
Q

Also known as non-declarative or non-conscious memory, which refers to skills and habits that are learned but that are usually not
consciously accessible

A

Implicit memory

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10
Q

The acquisition of
skills and habits

A

Procedural learning

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11
Q

Refers to how a perception, response, or thought is
enhanced by prior exposure to an identical or related stimulus,
action, or idea.
- Repetition priming
- Associative priming
- Perceptual priming
- Conceptual priming

A

Priming

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12
Q

People are faster at recognizing and
responding to repeated items than to new items

A

Repetition priming

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13
Q

Priming can also occur from related items

A

Associative priming

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14
Q

Perception is improved by repeated exposure to
perceptual features

A

Perceptual priming

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15
Q

Reveals how the meanings of stimuli were processed

A

Conceptual priming

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16
Q

Known regularities about our
world (e.g., the layout of your house or the expectations of your job) enable us to predict probable future events in our world.

A

Statistical learning

17
Q

The faster search time for targets in repeated displays versus targets in novel displays.
- Enables faster search of targets
whose location or identity is predictable from surrounding context
- Is implicit

A

Contextual cueing

18
Q

Plotting memory performance according to serial
position, a U-shaped curve emerges

A

Serial position curve

19
Q

Higher memory performance for the items at the beginning of the list

A

Primacy effect

20
Q

Higher memory performance for the items
toward the end of the list

A

Recency effect

21
Q
  • Associates items and their contexts (time, space,
    characters, etc.) across different brain areas
  • All this different info is integrated and indexed
    according to the memory’s unique features.
  • Hippocampus + Medial temporal lobe
A

Hippocampal system

22
Q

Multi-modal input from visual, tactile, auditory cortices
are pulled together to form associations

A

Reactivation

23
Q

. The act of
stabilizing memories

A

Consolidation

24
Q
  • The mechanism behind Hebb’s Rule
  • Refers to how communication across a synapse strengthens future
    communication between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons
A

Long-term potentiation

25
Involves reactivation of the brain regions involved during initial encoding
Memory retrieval
26
The hippocampus constructs a map of the environment, providing the basis for spatial memory and navigation
Cognitive map theory
27
Spatial navigation depends on knowing both one’s own position and one’s relation to the space around oneself. - Can be egocentric - Or allocentric
Spacial framework
28
with the environment’s layout defined relative to the viewer
Egocentric
29
With one object’s location defined relative to the location of another object or landmark
Allocentric