Chapter 7: Urinary System

Question 0

calyx or calix (plural: calyces or calices)

Answer 0

Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis.

Question 1

arteriole

Answer 1

Small artery.

Question 2

catheter

Answer 2

Tube for injecting or removing fluids.

Question 3

cortex

Answer 3

Outer region of an organ.

Question 4

electrolyte

Answer 4

Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water.

Question 5

erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 5

Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow.

Question 6

filtration

Answer 6

Process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter.

Question 7

glomerular capsule

Answer 7

Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus.

Question 8

glomerulus (plural: glomeruli)

Answer 8

Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney.

Question 9

kidney

Answer 9

One of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.

Question 10

meatus

Answer 10

Opening or canal.

Question 11

medulla

Answer 11

Inner region of an organ.

Question 12

medullary cavity in long bones

Answer 12

The innermost part containing red and yellow marrow.

Question 13

nephron

Answer 13

Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney.

Question 14

nitrogenous waste

Answer 14

Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine.

Question 15

potassium (K+)

Answer 15

Electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that proper concentration is maintained in the blood.

Question 16

reabsorption

Answer 16

Process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.

Question 17

renal artery

Answer 17

Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney.

Question 18

renal pelvis

Answer 18

Central collecting region in the kidney.

Question 19

renal tubule

Answer 19

Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration.

Question 20

renal vein

Answer 20

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and towards the heart.

Question 21

renin

Answer 21

Hormone secreted by the kidney; raises blood pressure by influencing narrowing of blood vessels.

Question 22

sodium (Na+)

Answer 22

Electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys.

Question 23

trigone

Answer 23

Triangular area in the urinary bladder.

Question 24

urea

Answer 24

Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.

Question 25

ureter

Answer 25

One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

Question 26

urethra

Answer 26

Tube leading from urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

Question 27

uric acid

Answer 27

Nitrogenous waste excreted from urine.

Question 28

urinary bladder

Answer 28

Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.

Question 29

urination (voiding)

Answer 29

Process of expelling urine.

Question 30

micturition

Answer 30

Process of expelling urine.