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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5: Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

amino acids

A

Small building blocks of proteins released when proteins are digested

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1
Q

absorption

A

Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream.

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2
Q

amylase

A

Enzyme (-ase) secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch (amyl/o)

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3
Q

anus

A

Terminal end of opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

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4
Q

appendix

A

Blind pouch hanging from cecum in the RLQ. Literally means hanging (pend/o) onto (ap-; form of ad-)

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5
Q

bile

A

Digestive juice made in liver and stored in the gallbladder.

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6
Q

bilirubin

A

Pigment released by liver in bile.

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7
Q

bowel

A

Intestine.

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8
Q

cecum

A

First part of the large intestine.

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9
Q

colon

A

Portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid segments

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10
Q

common bile duct (choledochus)

A

Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.

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11
Q

defecation

A

Elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus.

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12
Q

deglutition

A

Swallowing.

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13
Q

digestion

A

Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms.

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14
Q

duodenum

A

First part of the small intestine.

Duo = 2
den = 10

duodenum is 12 inches long

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15
Q

elimination

A

Act of removal of materials from the body

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16
Q

emulsification

A

Physical process of breaking up large fat gobules into smaller gobules

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17
Q

enzyme

A

Chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances.

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18
Q

esophagus

A

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach

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19
Q

fatty acids

A

Substances produced when fats are digested

20
Q

feces

A

Solid wastes; stool

21
Q

gallbladder

A

Small sac under the liver; stores bile

22
Q

glucose

A

simple sugar

23
Q

glycogen

A

Starch

24
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

Substance produced by the stomach necessary for food digestion

25
Q

ileum

A

Third part of the small intestine

26
Q

insulin

A

Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas; transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulus

27
Q

jejunum

A

second part of the small intestine

28
Q

lipase

A

Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

29
Q

liver

A

Large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen; secretes bile; stores sugar, iron and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn-out red blood cells; filters out toxins

30
Q

lower esophageal sphincter (LES) ; Cardiac Sphincter

A

Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach.

31
Q

mastication

A

Chewing

32
Q

palate

A

Roof of the mouth

33
Q

pancreas

A

Organ under the stomach; produces insulin

34
Q

papillae; papilla

A

Small elevations on the tongue.

35
Q

parotid gland

A

Salivary gland within the cheek

36
Q

peristalsis

A

Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs

37
Q

pharynx

A

Throat

38
Q

portal vein

A

Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

39
Q

protease

A

Enzyme that digests protein

40
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach near the duodenum

41
Q

pylorus

A

Distal region of the stomach

42
Q

rectum

A

Last section of the large intestine

43
Q

rugae

A

Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

44
Q

saliva

A

Digestive juice produced by salivary glands

45
Q

salivary glands

A

Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

46
Q

sigmoid colon

A

Fourth and last S-shaped segment of the colon

47
Q

sphincter

A

Circular ring of muscle that contracts a passage or closes a natural opening

48
Q

villi; villus

A

Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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