Chapter 7: Thinking and Intelligence Flashcards
From a psychological perspective, the term cognition means ________.
Thinking
After the first few months of life, babies enter what is known as the ________ stage, during which time they tend to produce single syllables, such as buh-buh, that are repeated over and over.
Babbling
Believed intelligence could be measured by a factor ‘g’; His work de-emphasized what makes people unique
Charles Spearmen
Niaz’s car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________.
Hindsight Bias
________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics that are always exhibited, such as what defines different basic shapes.
Artificial
Why are event schemata difficult to change? They are ________.
Automatic
Not all aspects of cognition are ________.
Conscious
Developed the Triarchic theory of intelligence
Robert Sternberg
What are the 3 intelligences listed under the triarchic theory of intelligence?
Analytical, Practical, Creative
The word ________ is both a morpheme and a phoneme.
I
Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests there is no reason she can’t find a job and live independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily?
Mild
________ and ________ are powerful influences on both our thoughts and behaviors.
Emotion; Memory
What is Fluid intelligence?
One’s acquired knowledge and there ability to retrieve it
Theorized that intelligence is made up of 2 levels
Arthur Jensen
What is Level 1 intelligence?
Route memorization
What is Level 2 intelligence?
Conceptual and analytical abilities
Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language?
Lexicon
What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence?
The study revealed a genetic component to intelligence?
Anwar dresses for a cold fall day and steps outside to find it sunny and hot. He goes back inside to change out of his sweater and jeans into a shirt and shorts. Anwar is demonstrating the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.
Practical
________intelligence is marked by inventing or imagining a solution to a problem or situation.
Creative
A(an) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language.
Phoneme
Divided intelligence into 2 components, crystalized and fluid
Raymond Cattel
Which researchers suggested that language determines thought?
Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee-Whorf
Knowing what a dinosaur is because you looked through a book with pictures of dinosaurs and watched the film Jurassic Park is an example of a natural concept that was developed through ________ experience.
Indirect
Which of the following is key to generating a bell curve?
Sample size
Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?
Functional Fixedness
Parents of African American students filed a case against the state of California in 1979 because they believed the testing method used to identify students with learning disabilities________.
The tests were culturally unfair and were only normed for white children
Natural concepts are mental groupings created naturally through our ________.
Experiences
Lauren is gifted in the area of body movement. Her ability to balance and coordinate her body’s movement enables her to do well in basketball, baseball, and field hockey. Which area of intelligence does this exemplify?
Bodily Kinesthetic
Mel is an adult who can take care of his basic needs, but he requires oversight while he paints and someone to check on his living conditions daily. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Mel?
Severe
Which term describes a communication system that uses systematic rules to organize words to transmit information from one individual to another?
Language
Bernadette has difficulty spelling words correctly while writing and mixes up letters within words and sentences. Which learning disability does she have?
Dyslexia
Which of the following is a criticism of the Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf research on language?
It was not empirical
Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way.
Role
Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words?
Semantics
________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory.
Cognition
A(an) ________ is the best example, or representation, of a concept.
Prototype
What was the most controversial claim in Arthur Jensen’s article, “How Much Can We Boost I.Q. and Achievement?”
Level II intelligence is most prevalent among Asians, followed by Caucasians, then African Americans.
Illnesses such as diabetes and stomach cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn’t know anyone with diabetes or stomach cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________.
Availability Heuristic
At what age can babies only discriminate among those phonemes that are used in the language(s) in their environments?
12 months old
An anchoring bias occurs when you focus on ________.
one piece of information instead of the all the information
Walter struggles to write legibly and has a difficult time putting his thoughts on paper. Which learning disability does he have?
Dysgraphia
In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: ________ and ________.
Natural; Artificial
Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias.
Confirmation
A(an) ________ schema is also known as a cognitive script.
Event
Schemata are a(an) ________.
method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently
Kai cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but she has a tube of superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Kai’s ability to invent a solution uses the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.
Creative
Ilayda assumes that her professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with her stereotypes of professors. This exemplifies ________.
Representational Bias
What impact did Genie’s early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(an) ________.
mastery of the grammatical aspect of language
A(an) ________ involves approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past, but it is clearly no longer working.
Mental Set
Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.
Musical Intelligence
What is the Flynn effect?
The observation that each generation is significantly more intelligent than the last
Which of the following is not one of the conditions that leads to the impulse to use heuristics?
The decision to be made is important
Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language?
Lexicon
The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________.
analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast
Which of the following is not one of the four indices of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children?
Processing memory
A(an) ________ is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts.
Schema
Reth is known for his ability and interest in writing. He won an award for his short story, “A Bear in the Woods,” and was named Young Poet of the Year at his high school. He is currently working on a book titled, When Harry Potter Attacks. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.
Linguistic
________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics that are always exhibited, such as what defines different basic shapes.
Artificial
Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.
Logical-mathematical
The average score on an IQ test is 100. In modern IQ testing, one standard deviation is 15 points. Someone with an IQ of 115 would be described as________.
one standard deviation above the mean
Knowing what a dinosaur is because you looked through a book with pictures of dinosaurs and watched the film Jurassic Park is an example of a natural concept that was developed through ________ experience.
Indirect
The following sentence misuses the word accept: “I’ll take all the cupcakes accept the one with cream cheese icing.” Which part of language involves knowing the proper use of the word accept?
Lexicon
