Chapter 14: Stress, Lifestyle, and Health Flashcards
Rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, and inclement weather are all examples of a(n) ________.
Daily Hassle
The concept of perceived control refers to ________.
beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes
What is a major criticism of both the stimulus- and response-based definitions of stress?
they supply a complete definition of stress
________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors.
flow
Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________.
Challenge; Threat
Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.
positive outlook and positive expectations
A ________ psychologist might investigate why people continue to smoke or eat high fat and processed food despite knowing the potential adverse health implications of such behaviors.
Health
What is one reason that more affluent individuals may experience better health?
They tend to believe they can personally control and manage their reaction to life’s stressors.
Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and financial help are all examples of ________.
Social support
What are psychophysiological disorders?
physical disorders or diseases that are brought on or worsened by stress and emotions
What is secondary appraisal?
ones judgement of the options available to cope with a stressor
In Hans Selye’s rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________.
adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration
What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?
Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.
Marcy is in a car accident. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.
Acute
The Center for Investigating Healthy Minds conducts rigorous academic research on ________.
healthy aspects of the mind, such as kindness, forgiveness, compassion, and mindfulness
Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesn’t feel like she has anything left to give. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?
Exhaustion
Is anger suppression or anger expression a more effective approach for coping with racism?
some shows suppression is better some shows expression is better
The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.
meditation
Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.
fight or flight
What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor?
how a threat is perceived
Who developed the biofeedback technique?
Gary Schwartz
Who developed the relaxation response technique?
Herbert Benson
Do men or women experience more stress?
Women
Nawaz and his boyfriend break up. Nawaz makes an internal attribution for this outcome. Complete the sentence to show an internal attribution that Nawaz could make. My boyfriend broke up with me because ________.
I am unlovable
Who defined stress as, “the response of the body to any demand, whether it is caused by, or results in, pleasant or unpleasant conditions”?
Hans Seyle
What is primary appraisal?
One’s judgement on the degree a potential stressor might entail
Who said, “The intensity and chronicity of human stress is governed largely by perceived control over the demands of one’s life”?
Albert Bandura
Which type of appraisal involves judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail?
Primary
Which demographic category reported the least amount of stress during 1983, 2006, and 2009?
Retired
Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives?
Positive psychology
What are common contributors to tension headaches?
stress, sleep deprivation, bad posture, skipping meals
People who reach the ________ level of stress feel burned out; they are fatigued, exhausted, and their performance begins to decline.
Distress
Hans Selye’s definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.
the body’s physiological reaction
Dr. Frobish possesses a ________ behavior pattern because she is an intensively driven workaholic, preoccupied with deadlines, and always seems to be in a rush.
Type A
Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress: He immediately uses the Internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?
Problem focused
What term describes the body’s immediate reaction to a stressor?
Alarm reaction
Factory worker, supermarket cashier, and short-order cook are all examples of occupations with high levels of ________.
Job Strain
________ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.
Eustress
What is stimulus-based stress?
stimulus that elicits a specific reaction
What is response based stress?
ones response to environmental conditions
When did the term stress enter scientific literature?
1930’s
Ehab is a high school science teacher. He recently received a Teacher of the Year award for his district, but he believes he only received it because no one else bothered to apply for it. He is a popular teacher, but he is convinced the students only pretend to like him so they will get better grades. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?
diminished personal accomplishment
what are the three aspects of job burnout?
exhaustion, depersonalization, diminished personal accomplishment
A(n) ________ attack is often triggered by environmental factors, such as air pollution, allergens, cigarette smoke, airway infections, cold air or a sudden change in temperature, and exercise.
asthma
psychoneuroimmunology evolved from what discovery?
that there is a connection between the central nervous system and the immune system
What are the three stages of GAS?
Alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion
What is GAS?
General Adaptation Syndrome; the bodies nonspecific reaction to stress
What is a negative effect of extended cortisol release due to chronic stress?
Weakened immune system
Lydia is often described as having a positive outlook on life. She assumes the best of people and situations. Lydia exemplifies ________.
Optimism
A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ________.
stressor
