chapter 7 - the origins of emotion, temperament, and personality Flashcards

1
Q

emotion

A

a transient state that corresponds to physiological states and cognitive processes associated with distinct internal sensations, or feelings

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2
Q

functionalist approach

A

an approach to emotion that stresses the function of emotional responses - specifically, that emotions help mobilize us to take action toward goals

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3
Q

basic emotions

A

an emotion, such as joy, sadness, disgust, surprise, fear, or anger, that is thought to be present in young infants and that is one of the building blocks for the emergence of later more complex emotions; also referred to as a primary emotion

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4
Q

complex emotions

A

an emotion, such as guilt or pride, that is thought to emerge later in development and that may build on interactions of basic emotions and involve supporting cognitions

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5
Q

self-conscious emotion

A

an emotion that requires some degree of self-awareness and an evaluation of the self as distinct from others and in relation to others

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6
Q

amygdala

A

a brain structure that is located near the brain’s midline in the right and left temporal lobes and that is involved in the manifestation and regulation of emotions

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7
Q

machiavellian emotion

A

an emotional expression that is used to produce an effect in others and that does not necessarily reflect the emotion actually felt by the agent expressing it

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8
Q

negativity bias

A

a bias to pay more attention to and/or weigh more heavily negative rather than positive information

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9
Q

emotional contagion

A

a process in which the emotional states of others, such as laughter or sadness, become manifested in a person who is exposed to those states

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10
Q

emotional regulation

A

the ways in which people of all ages influence the particular emotions they experience, when and how they experience them, and how they reveal these emotions

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11
Q

situation modification

A

a method of emotional regulation that involves changing the circumstances that bring about an emotional reaction

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12
Q

situation selection

A

a method of emotional regulation that involves choosing one’s circumstances based, in part, on the kind of emotional reaction they elicit

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13
Q

attentional deployment

A

a method of emotional regulation that involves purposely shifting the focus of one’s thoughts in a away that makes a situation feel less emotionally charged

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14
Q

response modification

A

a form of emotional regulation that involves managing an emotional reaction by directly influencing the response itself or engaging in an activity that indirectly reduces anxiety or increases arousal

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15
Q

display rules

A

norms governing the kinds of emotional expressions a particular group considers appropriate in particular situations

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16
Q

temperament

A

early emerging behavioral characteristics that distinguish one infant or young child from another, typically understood as precursors to later emerging personality traits

17
Q

goodness of fit

A

the idea that infants with different temperaments may thrive in different environments that fit best with those particular temperaments