Chapter 7+ - The Digestive System

Question 0

Structure of the digestive system

Answer 0

A tube shape, that opens at both ends; also called the gastrointestinal (GI) tract

Question 1

Define digestion

Answer 1

How food is processed, and absorbed for vital nutrients, and produce energy for the requirement of life

Question 2

What is the alimentary canal?

Answer 2

The top part of the digestive system; the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus are all included

Question 3

Name the accessory organs of the mouth

Answer 3

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual

Question 4

Name the three parts of the small intestine, and their accessory organs

Answer 4

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Question 5

What is the name of the small tail attached to the large intestine?

Answer 5

Vermiform appendix

Question 6

Name the four parts of the colon

Answer 6

Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon

Question 7

Define ingestion

Answer 7

A process of taking food into the mouth, starting it on its journey through the digestive tract

Question 8

Define elimination

Answer 8

Excretion of the residues of the digestive process (feces) from the rectum, and through the anus; also called defecation

Question 9

Define regulation

Answer 9

Coordination of digestive activity

Question 10

What is lumen?

Answer 10

The hollow space within the tube; could be the esophagus, the intestines, or the rectum

Question 11

What are the four layers that protect, and lubricate the digestive tract?

Answer 11

Mucosa or mucous membrane, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa

Question 12

Give examples of pathological problems that can arise within the mouth

Answer 12

Gingivitis, periodontitis, dental caries, frenectomy, tonsillectomy, and mouth ulcers

Question 13

Four types of teeth

Answer 13

Incisors, canines (cuspids), premolars (bicuspids), and molars

Question 14

Baby teeth are also called?

Answer 14

Deciduous

Question 15

Define mastication

Answer 15

Chewing of food

Question 16

The roof of the mouth is formed by?

Answer 16

The hard palate, and the soft palate

Question 17

What are the largest salivary glands?

Answer 17

The parotid glands

Question 18

What are the glands under the jaw called?

Answer 18

Submandibular glands

Question 19

Sublingual means?

Answer 19

Under the tongue

Question 20

What disease causes heartburn, and acid ingestion?

Answer 20

GERD -Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 21

Foods enters the stomach through the ______?

Answer 21

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

Question 22

Alternative name for the LES?

Answer 22

Cardiac sphincter

Question 23

Define chyme

Answer 23

A semisolid mixture resulting from swallowed food and gastric juices

Question 24

Define rugae

Answer 24

The folds from the stomach lining

Question 25

Discuss the three divisions of the stomach

Answer 25

The top of the stomach and opening is called the fundus. The central portion is known as the body, and lastly the pylorus is the lower, and narrow section which is attached to the small intestine by the pyloric sphincter

Question 26

Difference between diarrhea and constipation?

Answer 26

Diarrhea is when stools become liquid based, and pass quickly through the large intestine, while constipation is the result of retaining feces, and not be able to defecate.

Question 27

What is radiopaque, and when is it used?

Answer 27

Radiopaque is a contrasting fluid used in X-rays; can either be swallowed, or as an enema. Most commonly know as barium sulfate.

Question 28

What is fractal geometry?

Answer 28

Study of fragmented geometric irregular shapes such as those within the lining of intestines.

Question 29

Where does carbohydrate digestion occur?

Answer 29

Mainly the small intestine