Chapter 7+ - The Digestive System Flashcards
Structure of the digestive system
A tube shape, that opens at both ends; also called the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Define digestion
How food is processed, and absorbed for vital nutrients, and produce energy for the requirement of life
What is the alimentary canal?
The top part of the digestive system; the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus are all included
Name the accessory organs of the mouth
Teeth, tongue, salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual
Name the three parts of the small intestine, and their accessory organs
Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
What is the name of the small tail attached to the large intestine?
Vermiform appendix
Name the four parts of the colon
Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon
Define ingestion
A process of taking food into the mouth, starting it on its journey through the digestive tract
Define elimination
Excretion of the residues of the digestive process (feces) from the rectum, and through the anus; also called defecation
Define regulation
Coordination of digestive activity
What is lumen?
The hollow space within the tube; could be the esophagus, the intestines, or the rectum
What are the four layers that protect, and lubricate the digestive tract?
Mucosa or mucous membrane, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa
Give examples of pathological problems that can arise within the mouth
Gingivitis, periodontitis, dental caries, frenectomy, tonsillectomy, and mouth ulcers
Four types of teeth
Incisors, canines (cuspids), premolars (bicuspids), and molars
Baby teeth are also called?
Deciduous
Define mastication
Chewing of food
The roof of the mouth is formed by?
The hard palate, and the soft palate
What are the largest salivary glands?
The parotid glands
What are the glands under the jaw called?
Submandibular glands
Sublingual means?
Under the tongue
What disease causes heartburn, and acid ingestion?
GERD -Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Foods enters the stomach through the ______?
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Alternative name for the LES?
Cardiac sphincter
Define chyme
A semisolid mixture resulting from swallowed food and gastric juices
Define rugae
The folds from the stomach lining
Discuss the three divisions of the stomach
The top of the stomach and opening is called the fundus. The central portion is known as the body, and lastly the pylorus is the lower, and narrow section which is attached to the small intestine by the pyloric sphincter
Difference between diarrhea and constipation?
Diarrhea is when stools become liquid based, and pass quickly through the large intestine, while constipation is the result of retaining feces, and not be able to defecate.
What is radiopaque, and when is it used?
Radiopaque is a contrasting fluid used in X-rays; can either be swallowed, or as an enema. Most commonly know as barium sulfate.
What is fractal geometry?
Study of fragmented geometric irregular shapes such as those within the lining of intestines.
Where does carbohydrate digestion occur?
Mainly the small intestine
