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Anatomy & Physiology I > Chapter 1 - Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Body > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Body Flashcards

0
Q

Dissection

A

A process used to isolate and study the structural components or parts of the human body

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts

(derived from 2 Greek words that translate into “cutting up”)

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the functions of living organisms and their parts; requires active experimentations

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3
Q

Scientific Method

A

Merely a systematic approach to discovery

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4
Q

Hypothesis

A

A reasonable guess based on previous informal observations or on previously tested explanations

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5
Q

Experimentation

A

The testing process

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6
Q

Control Group

A

The group in which receives the substitute or placebo drug

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7
Q

Test Group

A

The group in which receives the testing project

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8
Q

Theory or Law

A

If a hypothesis receives high levels of confidence it is referred to as a law or a theory

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9
Q

Organization

A

One of the most important characteristics of the body structure

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10
Q

Cells

A

The smallest “living” units of structure and function in our body

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11
Q

Tissues

A

An organization of many cells that act together to preform a common function

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12
Q

Organs

A

Larger and more complex group of tissues that are arranged in a way that allow them to work as a unit to perform a special function

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13
Q

Systems

A

Most complex unit that makes up the body; a type of organization that works together to perform complex functions within the body

(i.e. cardiovascular system, digestive system)

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14
Q

Anatomical Position

A

A reference position with the body in a standing position, with the arms at its sides with the palms of the hand facing forward

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15
Q

Supine

A

Body is laying face upward

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16
Q

Prone

A

Body is lying face downward

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17
Q

Directional Terms

A

Used to describe relative positions of body parts

i.e. Superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, êtc

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18
Q

Superior

A

Towards the head

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19
Q

Inferior

A

Towards the feet

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20
Q

Anterior

A

Front or in front of

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21
Q

Posterior

A

Back or in back of

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22
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline

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23
Q

Lateral

A

Towards the sides, or away from the midline

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24
Q

Proximal

A

Toward or near the trunk of the body

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25
Q

Distal

A

Away from the farthest from the trunk or origin of a body part

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26
Q

Superficial

A

Near the surface

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27
Q

Deep

A

Farther away from the body’s surface

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28
Q

Saggital

A

A cut length wise running from front to back, separates the body into a left side and a right side

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29
Q

Frontal

A

A cut running length wise separating the body into a front side and a back side

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30
Q

Transverse

A

A cut running horizontally cutting the body into an upper half and a lower half

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31
Q

Ventral

A

Near the belly (includes the thoracic cavity, and abdominopelvic cavity)

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32
Q

Dorsal

A

Near the back (includes cranial and spinal cavities)

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33
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Chest cavity

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34
Q

Mediastinum

A

A subdivision in the midportion of the thoracic cavity

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35
Q

Pleural Cavities

A

A subdivision of the thorax

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36
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

The lower portion of the ventral cavity; the distal portion of the abdominopelvic cavity

37
Q

Diaphragm

A

The most important muscle for breathing, which separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

38
Q

Quadrants

A

Separates the body into 4 sections (UR, UL, LR, and LL)

39
Q

9 Different Regions of the Abdominopelvic Region

A

Upper: Right hypochondriac region, Epigastric region, Left hypochondriac region

Middle: Right lumbar region, Umbilical region, Left lumbar region

Lower: Right iliac (inguinal) region, Hypogastric region, Left iliac (inguinal) region

40
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

The space that contains the brain

41
Q

Spinal Cavity

A

The space inside the spinal column

42
Q

Abdominal

A

Anterior torso below diaphragm

43
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm

44
Q

Antecubital

A

Depressed area just in front of elbow

45
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

46
Q

Brachial

A

Arm

47
Q

Buccal

A

Cheek

48
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

49
Q

Cephalic

A

Head

50
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

51
Q

Cranial

A

Skull

52
Q

Crural

A

Leg

53
Q

Cubital

A

Elbow*

Can also be used to refer to the forearm

54
Q

Cutaneous

A

Skin

55
Q

Digital

A

Fingers or toes

56
Q

Dorsal

A

Back

57
Q

Facial

A

Face

58
Q

Frontal

A

Forehead

59
Q

Nasal

A

Nose

60
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

61
Q

Orbital

A

Eyes

62
Q

Zygomatic region

A

Upper cheek

63
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

64
Q

Gluteal

A

Buttock

65
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin

66
Q

Lumbar

A

Lower back between ribs and pelvis

67
Q

Mammary

A

Breast

68
Q

Occipital

A

Back of lower skull

69
Q

Olecranal

A

Back of elbow

70
Q

Palmar

A

Palm of head

71
Q

Pedal

A

Foot

72
Q

Pelvic

A

Lower portion of torso

73
Q

Perineal

A

Area between anus and genitals

74
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of foot

75
Q

Popliteal

A

Area behind knee

76
Q

Supraclavicular

A

Area above clavicle

77
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle

78
Q

Temporal

A

Side of skull

79
Q

Thoracic

A

Chest

80
Q

Umbilical

A

Area around naval

81
Q

Volar

A

Palm or sole

82
Q

Appendicular

A

Consists of upper and lower extremitiesn(arms and legs)

83
Q

Axial

A

Consists of the head, neck, torso, and trunk

84
Q

Atrophy

A

A degenerative process that results from disuse

85
Q

Homeostasis

A

The relative constancy of the internal environment

86
Q

Feedback Loop

A

Basic type of control system in the body

87
Q

Sensor

A

Detects changes in temperature

88
Q

Control Center

A

Compares the actual temperature with the normal temperature and responds by activating the response (whether by sweating or shivering)

89
Q

Negative Feedback Loop

A

Oppose or negate a change in controlled conditions; most control loops in the body are negative

(i.e. Shivering when cold)

90
Q

Positive Feedback Loop

A

These are stimulatory, which causes an ever increasing rates to occur until something stops

(i.e. Child birth)

91
Q

Effector

A

Responding organ

Anatomy & Physiology I (2 decks)

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