Chapter 7: The Age of Jefferson (1800 - 1816)

Question 1

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 1

A vast, largely unexplored tract of western land through which the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers flowed

• The New Orleans port was part of the attraction of the Louisiana Territory
• Jefferson sent ministers to France to purchase Louisiana for $10 million, France gave Louisiana and the Louisiana Territory for $15 million

Question 2

Toussaint l’Ouverture

Answer 2

Led a rebellion against Napoleon on the island of Santo Domingo
- Resulted in heavy French losses

Question 3

Lewis and Clark

Answer 3

A scientific exploration of the Louisiana Territory funded by Congress

• Captain Meriwether Lewis and Lieutenant William Clark
• Increased geographic and scientific knowledge of previously unexplored territory
• Strengthened US claims to the Oregon Territory

Question 4

John Marshall

Answer 4

Chief Justice during Jefferson’s Presidency

- His decisions played a major role in strengthening the central government

Question 5

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Answer 5

The first major case that placed Marshall in conflict

• Jefferson ordered Secretary of State James Madison to not deliver the commissions of the Federalist judges whom Adams appointed in his last days as president
• William Marbury (one of Adams’ “midnight appointments”) sued for his commission
• Chief Justice ruled that due to the Judiciary Act of 1789, Marbury had a right to his commissions
• Led to judicial review

Question 6

Aaron Burr

Answer 6

A Republican caucus in 1804 decided not to nominate Aaron Burr for a second term as Vice President
- He then embarked on a series of ventures one of which threatened to break up the Union and another which resulted in the death of Alexander Hamilton

Question 7

“Quids”

Answer 7

A nickname for “Old Republicans”

- One of the most outspoken groups when criticizing the War of 1812

Question 8

Barbary Pirates/War with Tripoli

Answer 8

Pirates off the North African Coast that attacked US merchant ships

• First threat in foreign policy during Jefferson’s presidency
• Jefferson sent a small fleet of US naval vessels to the Mediterranean Sea, which led to sporadic fighting with Tripoli for 4 years
• Not a decisive victory but gained some respect and a measure of protection for US vessel ships in the Mediterranean

Question 9

Impressment

Answer 9

The British practice of capturing American sailors and forcing them to serve in the British army

Question 10

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

Answer 10

An incident at sea which almost led to war in 1807

• British warship Leopard fired at US warship Chesapeake off the coast of Virginia
• 3 Americans were killed and 4 others were impressed into the British army

Question 11

Embargo Act (1807)

Answer 11

The alternative to war

• Prohibited American merchant ships from sailing to any foreign port
• Led to American economic hardship while Britain just looked for new trade partners
• Called for its repeal in 1809
• Even after its repeal Americans still couldn’t trade with Britain and France

Question 12

Non-Intercourse Act of 1809

Answer 12

Provided that Americans could now trade with all nations except Britain and France

Question 13

Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)

Answer 13

A bill that reintroduced trade with Britain and France
- Provided that if either Britain or France formally agreed to respect the US neutrality rights at sea, then the US would prohibit trade with that nation’s enemy

Question 14

Tecumseh and the Prophet

Answer 14

Leaders who attempted to defend their lands from further encroachment, both were Native Americans

• Attempted to unite all of the tribes east of the Mississippi
• Rebellion put down by General Harrison

Question 15

Battle of Tippecanoe

Answer 15

General Harrison destroyed Shawnee headquarters and put an end to Tecumseh’s efforts to form an Indian Confederacy

Question 16

War Hawks

Answer 16

A group of new young Republicans in Congress

• From Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio
• Known as war hawks because of their eagerness for war with Britain
• Quickly gained influence in the House of Representatives

Question 17

Henry Clay

Answer 17

One of the primary war hawks from Kentucky
- Argued that war with Britain would be the only way to defend American honor, gain Canada, and destroy Native American resistance on the frontier

Question 18

John C. Calhoun

Answer 18

Primary war hawk from South Carolina
- Argued that war with Britain would be the only way to defend American honor, gain Canada, and destroy Native American resistance on the frontier

Question 19

War of 1812

Answer 19

British delays in meeting U.S. demands over neutral rights and political pressures from a war hawk Congress led to the declaration of war by the U.S.

• U.S. hinged victory on Napoleon’s success in Europe and U.S. land campaign against Canada
• Led to a US victory due to war weary Britain’s stalemate

Question 20

Star Spangled Banner

Answer 20

About the British attempt to take Baltimore

• Fort McHenry held out after a night’s bombardment
• Written by Francis Scott Key

Question 21

Andrew Jackson/Battle of New Orleans

Answer 21

General who commanded the troops in the South during the War of 1812

• Left a group of frontiersmen, blacks, and Creoles to fight the leftover British troops
• Meaningless victory; it was fought 2 weeks after the Treaty of Ghent was signed

Question 22

Treaty of Ghent (1814)

Answer 22

The treaty that ended the War of 1812
The terms were:
1. A halt to fighting
2. The return of all conquered territory to the prewar claimant
3. Recognition of the prewar boundary between Canada and the US
- Said nothing about the grievances that led to the war
- Britain made no concessions concerning impressment, blockades, other maritime differences

Question 23

Hartford Convention (1814)

Answer 23

Delegates met from New England to discuss seceding from the Union

• To limit growing Republican power adopted 2/3 vote of both houses for any future declaration of war
• Ended in criticism of the war which weakened Federalists further due to unpatriotic nature