chapter 7 - test 2 Flashcards
coping
thoughts and behaviors to manage a stressor’s internal and external demands
what are some of the possible coping goals?
to reduce or rid a stressor
to tolerate or adjust to negative events
to maintain emotional homeostasis
coping style
different ways of coping
approach coping style
gather information, take direct action, confront
avoidance coping style
minimize, deny, “retreat”, numbing
which coping style is more successful / healthy in the long-term in Western research? (avoidance or approach)
approach
when is the avoidance coping style okay?
for uncontrollable stressors that will pass or for adjusting in early stages of long-term stressors
what are examples of emotion-focused coping skills?
exercising
listening to music
journaling
what are examples of problem-focused coping skills?
time management
establishing healthy boundaries
asking for support
what is negative affectivity linked to when talking about coping?
poorer coping and health outcomes
emotional instability and a tendency towards negativity
health behaviors
diet, exercise, sleep
relaxation training
mindful breathing
guided imagery
progressive muscle relaxation
expressive writing
15-20 minute sessions where you free-write about what happened and how you feel
self-affirmation exercises
repeated acts and statements that affirm core values
what are primary vs. secondary appraisals?
a primary appraisal is an initial evaluation of a situation, determining whether it is relevant to an individual’s well-being and goals
a secondary appraisal is what occurs after a situation is deemed stressful and involves evaluating the available resources and coping mechanisms to deal with a perceived threat or challenge
challenge appraisal
involves viewing a stressful situation as an opportunity for growth or mastery
threat appraisal
viewing a stressful situation as a potential cause of harm
what are some limitations to Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome?
it doesn’t fully account for psychological factors and individuals differences in stress perception and coping
is religion / spirituality linked to well-being or coping? in what ways?
religion can promote well-being
greater life satisfaction, greater personal happiness, fewer negative consequences to traumatic events, for some disorders a slower course of illness
social support
information from others that one is loved and cared for, esteemed and valued, and part of a network of communication and mutual obligations
emotional support (social)
reassuring the person
informational support (social)
providing information
tangible assistance
the provision of material support
invisible support
when one receives support from another, but is unaware of it (most likely to benefit the recipient)
