Chapter 7 Terms Till pg.260 Flashcards
What is propositional logic?
The branch of deductive reasoning that deals with the logical relationships among statement’s
What is symbolic logic
Modern deductive logic that uses symbolic language to do it’s work
Variables
In modern logic, the symbols, or letters, used to express a statement
Statement (claim)
An assertion that something is or is not the case
Simple statement
A statement that doesn’t contain any other statements as constituents….
Contains no other statement as a component part. (We
represent it with a letter, like “P”.)
Negation
not p
Alice did not ride her bike
it is not the case that Alice rode her bike
Compound statement
A statement composed of at least two constituent or simple statements
Conjunction
It is &… p&q
Alice rode her bike, and John walked
Disjunction
p v q
Either Alice rode her bike or John walked
Conditional
If then, p –> q
If Alice rode her bike, then John walked.
What are truth tables?
Truth table specifies the truth values for claim variables and combinations of claim variables in symbolized statements or arguments.
SPOTTING LOGICAL OPERATORS
Just like
premise-indicators, logical operators are not always explicitly present in a text
Complex statement
Contains at least one other statement as a component part.
Logical Operator
Special expressions which work to combine simple statements
into complex ones: AND, OR, IF…THEN, NOT
Logical structure
- Comprehension: Helps us to better see the underlying forms of argument.
2.Positive Evaluation: Helps us to readily spot (and create)
valid arguments.
- Negative Evaluation: Helps us to readily spot (and avoid creating) invalid arguments.
